The kernels of 13 different mango varieties were examined. The kernels contained, depending on variety, from 6.8 to 12.6 % fat, 5.2 to 6.3 % protein (N x 6.25) and 1.4 to 2.0% ash on a moisture-free basis. The fat was yellow-coloured and melted at 32.5-35.8"C. Stearic and oleic acids constitute about 85% of the total fatty acids.The ratio of stearic:oleic acids varied according to variety from 0.56 to 0.97. The remaining fatty acids are, in decreasing order, palmitic, linoleic, arachidic and linolenic acids. Oleic and linoleic acids represented about 88 and lo%, respectively, of the fatty acids incorporated at the sn-2-position of the triglycerides.
Triglycerides of mango seed kernel fat contain, depending on the variety, 32.4–44.0% of stearic acid and 43.7–54.5% of oleic acid. Palmitic and linoleic acids represent, respectively, 5.9–9.1% and 3.6–6.7% of the fatty acids. The triglycerides also contain minor amounts of arachidic and linolenic acids. Palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids were almost exclusively distributed among thesn‐1‐andsn‐3‐positions. Oleic acid represented 85–89% of the fatty acids at thesn‐2‐position. Oleic acid at thesn‐1‐ andsn‐3‐positions showed a preference for thesn‐1‐position. Linoleic acid was mainly esterified at thesn‐2‐position. The amounts of saturated fatty acids, i.e., palmitic and stearic acids, and of oleic acid, at thesn‐1‐ and sn‐3‐positions, were linearly related to their respective contents in the total triglycerides.
Kernels ofPentaclethra macrophylla, Allanblackia floribunda, Panda oleosa, Treculoa africana, Desplatzia dewevrei, Garcinia kola andMilletia laurentii were found to contain respectively 45.9, 67.6, 50.5, 11.8, 20.4, 2.1 and 22.9% oil (% dry matter). Gas liquid chromatography showed the major fatty acids of the kernel oils were as follows:P. macrophylla, 18:1 (31.3%) and 18:2 (40.4%);A. floribunda, 18:0 (55.9%) and 18:1 (43.3%);P. oleosa, 16:0 (32.0%), 18:1 (30.2%) and 18:2 (29.2%);T. africana, 16:0 (25.7%), 18:1 (32.7%) and 18:2 (25.8%);D. dewevrei, 16:0 (37.8%), 18:1 (18.1%) and 18:2 (35.0%);G. kola, 16:0 (19.0%), 18:1 (38.4%) and 18:2 (23.7%), andM. laurentii, 18:1 (44.9%) and 18:2 (17.6%).
seits wird auch uber eine unveranderte Aktivitat 37 oder iiber einen Anstieg 38, 39 der Succinatdehydrogenase berichtet. Diese z. T. uneinheitlichen Aussagen der Literatur, verglichen mit unseren Beobachtungen, konnen eventuell auf unterschiedliche Versuchsbedingungen zuriickgefuhrt werden. So ist vor allem bekannt, dai3 die Tonicitat des Untersuchungsmediums und die Vorbehandlung der Mitochondrien, z. B. mit Ultraschall, Veriinderungen in der Permeabilitat der Membran hervorrufen und somit die Enzymaktivitaten beeinflussen. Auch bei der Messung der Cytochrom-c-oxidase nach der Methode von J. Schole 40, modifiziert nach V . Dzapo 41? konnten wir einen Aktivitatsabfall feststellen (Abb. 7). Es bestand auch hier ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen Gruppe I1 und den Gruppen mit Linolsaurezulagen zum 37 H . 0. Kunkel u. /. N . Williams Jr., The effects of fat deficiency upon enzyme activity i n the rat, J. biol. Chemistry 189, 755 [1951] 38 E. Levin, R. M. lohnson u. S. AZbert, Mitochondria1 changes associated with essential fatty acid deficiency in rats, J. biol. Chemistry 228, 15 [1957]. 39 T. Hayashida u. 0. W . Portman, Changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity and fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondria in essential fatty acid deficiency, J. Nutrit. 81, 103 [1963]. 40 1 . Schole, Beschleunigung der Cytochrom-c-Oxidation durch Thyroxin, Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 317, 281 [ 19591. 41 V . Dzafio, Institut fur Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik der Justus-Liebig-Universitat GieBen, personliche Mitteilung.Futter. Die in der Literatur z.T. abweichenden Ergebnisse 361 42 sind ebenfalls mit den unterschiedlichen Versuchsbedingungen zu begriinden.
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