Carbaryl is an important and widely used insecticide that pollutes soil and water systems. Bacteria from the local soil ecosystem of the Gaza Strip capable of utilizing carbaryl as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen were isolated and identified as belonging to Bacillus, Morganella, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Corynebacterium genera. Carbaryl biodegradation by Bacillus, Morganella and Corynebacterium isolates was analyzed in minimal liquid media supplemented with carbaryl as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. Bacillus and Morganella exhibited 94.6% and 87.3% carbaryl degradation, respectively, while Corynebacterium showed only moderate carbaryl degradation at 48.8%. These results indicate that bacterial isolates from a local soil ecosystem in the Gaza Strip are able to degrade carbaryl and can be used to decrease the risk of environmental contamination by this insecticide.

The C/PbO 2 electrode assisted electrochemical removal of diquat dibromide herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation under several operating conditions. The optimum conditions of the treatment process are: current density of 150 mA/cm 2 , pH 2.2, NaCl concentration 2 g/L, temperature of 10˚C and initial diquat concentration of 50 mg/L. The time of electrolysis is 60 min for degradation rate of diquat and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is 210 min. The results were obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the present designed electrode was coincident.

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