The α‐iodination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most important procedures in synthetic organic chemistry. These compounds are important precursors for carbon‐carbon, carbon‐oxygen, and carbon‐nitrogen bond formation as well as they are useful for the synthesis of various biologically important heterocyclic compounds. Despite the availability of numerous methods for the synthesis of this important class of compounds, the desired products usually suffering from some impurities such as di‐iodinated or ring iodinated products are formed in the reaction mixture. Therefore, as the essential productivity issues as well as environmental anxieties that need to be addressed to overcome this issue. In this regards, iodine (I2) and N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) are important reagents for the production of such an important class of intermediates. In recent years considerable advances have been made for the synthesis of α‐iodo carbonyl compounds with high selectivity and purity. In this present review, we have summarized various protocols for the synthesis of α‐iodo carbonyl compounds.
Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto cassava starch 5-choloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline polymer (CSCMQ) was investigated with the variation in the parameters of pH, contact time, lead (II) ions concentration, temperature and the adsorbent dose. The Langmuir and Freundlich models have been applied. CSCMQ was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the adsorption process was better described by the Langmuir model. Adsorption kinetics data obtained for the metal ions sorption were investigated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) were 46.512, 43.859 and 42.735 mg/g at 25, 35 and 45 °C, respectively. The dynamical data fit well with the second-order kinetics model. The results indicate that CSCMQ could be employed as low-cost material for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium.
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