Aim: Patient education that enhances one's self-management ability is of utmost importance for improving patient outcomes in chronic diseases. We developed a 12 month self-management education program for type 2 diabetes, based on a previous 6 month program, and examined its efficacy. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on outpatients with type 2 diabetes from two hospitals who met the criteria and gave consent to participate. They were randomly divided into an intervention group that followed the program and a control group that followed usual clinical practise. The intervention group received <30 min of monthly interviews based on the program's textbook and biweekly telephone calls from a nurse educator throughout the 12 months. Results: Of the 50 participants in the intervention group and the 25 participants in the control group, 42 and 23, respectively, completed the program (a completion rate of 84.0%). The body weight, HbA1c, self-efficacy, dietary and exercise stages, quality of life, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol level were significant by two-way repeated-measures anova. As for changes over time within the groups, only the intervention group showed significant differences by Friedman's test. The complication prevention behaviors showed a high implementation rate in the intervention group. The overall evaluation of this program by the participants was very high and, therefore, they highly recognized the need for this type of program. Conclusions: Self-management education works successfully in relation to patients' behavior modification skills, degree of goal attainment, and self-efficacy, consequently improving their health outcomes.

No abstract

ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to report students' perceptions of factors that demotivated their learning in lectures and laboratory-based skills practice settings.MethodsA total of 23 students were recruited from the Bachelor of Nursing courses at three Japanese universities, using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant between November 2017 and January 2018 to elicit their perceptions about which aspects of the teaching context demotivated their engagement in learning. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were generated: a restrictive environment, discouraging attitudes and discouraging teaching approaches.ConclusionsTo prevent students from experiencing demotivation, teachers in the nursing faculty need to manage learning resources more effectively, create a quiet and focused atmosphere to allow students to concentrate, and be enthusiastic about teaching. They also need to add value to their classes, help students to follow lectures, and ensure that the workload they give their students is appropriate.

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore factors that motivate students to engage in skills practice in a laboratory setting, and to identify their motivation types and the regulatory styles. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 nursing students from three universities between November 2017 and January 2018. A thematic analysis was used to identify factors associated with students’ motivation to engage in skills practice in a laboratory. The types and the regulatory styles of student motivation were identified based on the self-determination theory. Results Seven motivating factors were identified. These factors included the students’ desire “to acquire the skills necessary to work as a nurse”, the “desire to improve skills in preparation for clinical practicum”, and their felt “obligations to patients as a nurse”. Moreover, “the impetus to study arising from the objective evaluation of oneself and others” and “wanting to pass the skills examination” motivated the students to engage in skills practice. A “learning environment that facilitates students’ learning” and the “supportive involvement of educators” facilitated their learning. Based on the self-determination theory, the students were found to embrace extrinsic motivation with four regulatory styles of motivation, namely integrated, identified, introjected, and external regulation. Conclusions Nurse educators should understand the motivating factors of students, and help students embrace a more internally controlled motivation by helping them envision their future careers as nurses, and by fostering their ethical duty to care for patients.

No abstract