RESUMO: O feijão-caupi é uma leguminosa amplamente cultivada, principalmente no Nordeste do Brasil. Em seu cultivo, geralmente se emprega fertilizantes minerais de alta solubilidade que podem causar inúmeros impactos ambientais, e elevar consideravelmente os custos de produção. Desta forma, práticas de cultivo que possam diminuir o uso de fertilizantes minerais devem ser estudadas e validadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar componentes vegetativos e produtivos do feijão-caupi submetido à diferentes fertilizantes orgânicos, inoculante e mineral. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e três repetições: Testemunha (T), sem adubação; biofertilizante (B); inoculante (I); resíduo lácteo (R); biofertilizante + inoculante (BI); resíduo lácteo + biofertilizante (RB); resíduo lácteo + inoculante (RI); resíduo lácteo + inoculante + biofertilizante (RIB) e o formulado NPK (M). Os fertilizantes orgânicos e o inoculante isolados ou associados não contribuem com a produtividade do feijão-caupi. O uso da adubação mineral aumentou a produtividade do feijão-caupi.
O lodo de esgoto (LE) é um resíduo sólido, oriundo de Estações de Tratamentos de Esgoto (ETE), rico em matéria orgânica, sendo capaz de melhorar as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. Contudo, o LE pode apresentar em sua composição elementos tóxicos e agentes patogênicos que trazem malefícios para saúde humana e para o meio ambiente. A transformação do LE, por meio do processo de pirólise, em biochar pode ser uma boa alternativa tanto do ponto de vista agrícola, quanto do ambiental. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de biochar de lodo de esgoto (BLE) na eficiência do uso da água (EUA), na evapotranspiração e na produção da cultura da alface. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se quatro tratamentos, consistindo de controle (sem biochar), BLE10 (10 t ha-1 de BLE), BLE20 (20 t ha-1 de BLE), BLE30 (30 t ha-1 de BLE), com três repetições. Foram avaliadas a biomassa, a evapotranspiração (ET) e a eficiência no uso de água (EUA) da alface. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na ET da alface com a adição de BLE ao solo. Contudo, verificou-se que houve um aumento crescente da produção da alface e da EUA com o aumento das doses de BLE. Assim, o BLE mostrou-se uma interessante alternativa para uma destinação adequada do lodo de esgoto gerado nas ETE. Sewage Sludge Biochar Increases Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Lettuce A B S T R A C TSewage sludge (SS) is a solid residue, originating from Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), rich in organic matter, being able to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. However, SS can present in its composition toxic elements and pathogenic agents that bring harm to human health and the environment. The transformation of SS, through the pyrolysis process, into biochar can be a good alternative both from an agricultural and environmental point of view. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) on the water use efficiency (WUE) on evapotranspiration (ET) and on the yield of lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, using four treatments, consisting of control (without SSB), SSB10 (10 t ha-1 of SSB), SSB20 (20 t ha-1 of SSB), SSB30 (30 t ha-1 SSB), with three repetitions. Fresh biomass, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of lettuce were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the lettuce ET with the addition of SSB to the soil. However, it was found that there was an increase in the yield of lettuce and the WUE with increasing doses of SSB. Thus, the SSB proved to be an interesting alternative for an adequate destination of the sewage sludge generated in the STPs.Key words: Waste; evapotranspiration; carbon.
Maize is an important cereal and it is widely consumed in the world, both as food for humans and animals. Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large quantities by maize, but unfortunately, soils are limited in meeting this need. Nodulating legumes can serve as a source of Nitrogen, because they are symbiotically associated with bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N. Another important source of this nutrient is cattle manure, which is widely used in agriculture. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using legumes and cattle manure on the production as well as the microbial and biochemical quality of the soil used for maize cultivation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, in a sub-subdivided plot scheme [(2x4) +2], two leguminous plants (pigeon pea and macassar bean), four doses of cattle manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) and two controls; one with mineral fertilization and the other cultivated without the use of fertilizers. Treatment using a manure dose of 60t ha-1 and pigeon pea legume, recorded higher dry mass production per plant. The increase in manure doses was directly proportional to the length and weight of the cobs for the two legumes. The enzymatic activities were affected by the different doses and legumes, with greater results being recorded at the 60 t ha-1 dose with the macassar legume. The use of legumes with manure improved maize production as well as the microbiological and biochemical quality of soils.
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