Introduction: Oral mycobiome profiling is important to understand host-pathogen interactions that occur in various diseases. Invasive fungal infections are particularly relevant for patients who have received chemotherapy and for those who have HIV infection. In addition, changes in fungal microbiota are associated with the worsening of chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD). This work aims, through a systematic review, to analyze the methods used in previous studies to identify oral fungi and their most frequent species in patients with the following conditions: HIV infection, leukemia, and atopic dermatitis. Methods: A literature search was performed on several different databases. Inclusion criteria were: written in English or Portuguese; published between September 2009 and September 2019; analyzed oral fungi of HIV-infected, leukemia, or AD patients. Results: 21 studies were included and the most identified species was Candida. The predominant methods of identification were morphological (13/21) and sugar fermentation and assimilation tests (11/21). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was the most used molecular method (8/21) followed by sequencing techniques (3/21). Conclusions: Although morphological and biochemical tests are still used, they are associated with high-throughput sequencing techniques, due to their accuracy and time saving for profiling the predominant species in oral mycobiome.
Objectives To describe, through a literature review, the results and benefits of oral and topical probiotics for adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Design A systematic review of articles published over a 13-year period was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) what information is given in the scientific literature concerning the use of probiotics in adult patients with atopic dermatitis? (2) Was there an improvement in the clinical status of the patients? (3) Was there a change in the microbial profile in patients after using such approaches? (4) Among the probiotics used, which was the most used in adult AD patients? (5) What was the average time of these interventions? (6) What were the outcomes? Results Seven studies with different sample sizes, ranging from 16 to 109 patients, were included in this review. These studies were all clinical trials (7/7), and probiotics (7/7) was the model of intervention chosen. Probiotics showed a potential to relieve the symptoms of the study groups with a reduction of pruritus and SCORAD when compared to the placebo groups. However, their effectiveness varied according to the strain, period, and form of administration. Conclusions Many studies have demonstrated that probiotics improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis and even its prevention. However, there is still much controversy and divergence concerning the real benefits. Despite this, probiotics have demonstrated a fair ability in improving AD adult patients’ symptoms in terms of decreasing pruritus and severity related to SCORAD.
Objectives: This work aims to describe oral health conditions, eating habits, and oral hygiene in pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate them with the severity of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Also, we aim to estimate the effect of several variables on the diagnosis of dental caries in these patients. Material and Methods:A total of 92 children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis had their oral cavities examined. The effect of independent variables on the diagnosis of dental caries (outcome) was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression model. Results:Mild patients presented higher score of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent dentition than moderate patients (p = 0.040). In the multivariable regression final model, the covariates using inhaled corticoid (OR = 6.4; p = 0.003), type of teething [deciduous dentition (OR = 7.9; p = 0.027) and mixed dentition (OR = 10.5; p = 0.007)], and brushing quality [poor mechanical control (OR = 10.6; p < 0.0001)] demonstrated significant direct effect on the diagnosis of dental caries. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the presence of dental biofilm, use of inhaled corticoid, and type of teething are related to the presence of caries in atopic dermatitis patients. K E Y W O R D S adolescent, atopic dermatitis, children, mouth, oral health | 1835 SODRÉ et al. | INTRODUC TI ONPediatric patients with chronic diseases generally have a higher risk for the development of oral commitment, which may be related to the pathological mechanism of the disease itself or even to the implemented therapy (Turkistani et al., 2010). Among the diseases that most affect individuals since early childhood, there are topic disorders, like dental caries and atopic dermatitis (Bagramian et al., 2009;Thomsen, 2015;Williams et al., 2008). Due to its chronic feature, atopic dermatitis (AD) has numerous factors that are complexly interrelated, such as skin barrier dysfunction, genetic predisposition, immunological and environmental abnormalities, in addition to the participation of infectious agents, and psychological, nutritional, and pharmacological factors (Akdis et al., 2006;Nutten, 2015). Furthermore, AD is known to be linked to changes in the skin microbiome (dysbiosis) that is evidenced by the lower bacterial diversity, which is characterized by enrichment of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and depletion of Propionobacterium (Bjerre et al., 2017). This colonization by S. aureus demonstrates a relationship with the severity of the disease and consequently susceptibility to infections (Abad et al., 2020;Bjerre et al., 2017). The severity of AD can be classified by SCORAD or the "Scoring atopic dermatitis" index, which is based on the extension and intensity parameters of the lesions and subjective symptoms such as sleep and pruritus (Hanifin & Hajka, 1980). Patients with AD, especially the severe ones, tend to develop comorbidities like atopic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies (NIAI...
Pain is an unpleaseant sensitive experience that could be present in different ways in each individual when he or she is submitted to a painful stimulus. Its diagnosis is easier when a signo or symptom is identified as a causal agent, however, we can emphasize the presence of atypical pain, where is necessary a more criterious investigation to accurated diagnosis. Pain in a “phantom limb” is commonly found in patients which had traumatic amputations of limbs and it is characterized by sensitive manifestations in the absent limb. Atypical odontalgya presents similar symptons, but it is observed in the oral cavity as a consequence of odontological procedures, mainly pulpectomy and exodontia. It’s was perfomed an observational, sectional, and descriptive study based in a written auto-response questionnaire, whose aim was to evaluate the knowledge of atypical odontalgya. It was evaluated 75 dentists and 49 students that were in the final year of Odontology course, in the period between June 2017 and February 2018. We observed that the majority of subjects (87%) recognized the possibility of atypical odontalgya in oral cavity, however, few of them knew factors that are directly related to its ocurrence, such as deafferentation (7%) and amputation neuroma (16%). Also, it was observed that none of subjects could give information about odontological procedures which can trigger atypical pain. It can be concluded that the participants have few knowledge related to atypical odontalgya aspects, specially the students, what indicates the necessity of greater divulgation about this theme in universities.
The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe the oral lesions diagnosed in older patients through histopathological reports from the oral pathology service of a private university in Rio de Janeiro over a 19 year period (1999-2017) and to call attention to the oral health of the elderly. Information was collected and analyzed from 713 medical records of patients aged ≥ 60 years old. The data collected included the patient's age, gender and the type and location of the injury. The mean age of the patients was 68.1 years old, with a higher prevalence of lesions in the 60 to 74 age group. The results showed that three of the four most common oral lesions were more frequent in women and only one (oral squamous cell carcinoma) was more common in men. The 4 most common injuries were: fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (187; 26.2%), oral squamous cell carcinoma (78; 10.9%), leukoplakia (40; 5.6%) and oral lichen planus (36; 5.0%). These lesions were distributed mainly in the alveolar edge (71; 20.8%) followed by tongue (57; 16.7%), bottom of the vestibule (55; 16.1%), and buccal mucosa (44; 12.9%). The results obtained should be used to alert health professionals, especially dentists, so that early diagnoses of such lesions can be made and thus contribute to improving the quality of care for the elderly.
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