Objectives: To determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among 6- to 18-year-old Kuwaiti children. Subjects and Methods: Children with type 2 diabetes were identified at 182 schools (50 primary, 63 intermediate, and 69 secondary) randomly selected using the 2000/2001 educational districts’ registers as a sampling frame. Prevalence rates were adjusted to the 2002 Kuwaiti population. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was based on the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association criteria. Results: Type 2 diabetes was identified in 45 of the 128,918 children surveyed, thereby giving an overall prevalence of 34.9 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.7–45.1]. There was a significant difference in prevalence between males (47.3, 95% CI 28.7–65.8) and females (26.3, 95% CI 14.8–37.8) at p = 0.05 and a significant trend for an increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes with age (p = 0.026). The overall age-adjusted prevalence rate in the 2002 Kuwaiti population was 33.2 (95% CI 26.6–39.9), 41.6 (95% CI 31.2–52.0) in male and 24.6 (95% CI 16.4–32.7) in female children; the difference was significant at p = 0.013. There was no significant difference in prevalence between regions. Children with type 2 diabetes had a significantly higher frequency (51.1%) of a positive family history of diabetes than children of a similar age without type 2 diabetes (22.2%) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adult Kuwaitis is spreading to children and adolescents, making it an emergency public health problem. Efforts need to be initiated to address prevention strategies of type 2 diabetes in youth.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of type 1 diabetes among 6- to 18-year-old Kuwaiti children according to gender, age, and region. Subjects and Methods: Children with type 1 diabetes aged 6–18 years were identified at 182 schools (50 primary, 63 intermediate, and 69 secondary) in Kuwait during the study period October 2000 to September 2002. Schools were randomly selected using the 2000/01 educational districts’ registers as sampling frame proportional to the number of schools in each district. Prevalence rates were adjusted to the 2002 Kuwaiti population. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was based on the World Health Organization, and the American Diabetes Association criteria. Results: Prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 269.9 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, CI 241.6–298.3). There was no significant difference in prevalence between male (247.6, 95% CI 205.2–290.0) and female (285.5, 95% CI 247.5–323.5). Type 1 diabetes was more prevalent in the age group 10–13 years (347.3), and lowest in the age group 6–9 years (182.6) per 100,000; the difference was significant at p < 0.001. The overall age-adjusted prevalence rate was 252.9 (95% CI 234.6–271.2), 229.1 (95% CI 204.6–253.6) in male and 277.4 (95% CI 250.0–304.7) in female children in the 2002 Kuwaiti population. The mean age at onset was 9.2, and 8.1 years in male and female children, respectively (p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in prevalence between regions. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes is a common chronic disease in Kuwaiti children.
Type 1 diabetes is a common chronic disease in childhood, and the outcome of environmental, genetic and immunologic interactions. The aim was to study the social and metabolic characteristics (lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein a (Lpa) and total sialic acid) and predisposing factors in 6-18-year-old Kuwaiti children with type 1 diabetes. This pair-matched case-control study included 348 type 1 diabetic children (131 males, 217 females) matched by age and gender to 348 non-diabetic controls. Diabetic children were identified, according to the WHO and the American Diabetes Association criteria, at 182 randomly selected schools. Social and metabolic characteristics were adversely affected in diabetic children compared to their controls. The logistic regression analysis showed that the predisposing factors: family history of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and thyroid disease, were significant associated factors with type 1 diabetes after adjusting for demographic and social variables. The significant correlations of Lpa and total sialic acid with glycated haemoglobin, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins partially explain reporting them as possible markers for coronary heart disease. There are adverse metabolic changes in children with type 1 diabetes. As these changes are associated with early onset atherogenesis, metabolic markers need to be measured and possibly corrected at an early stage in children with diabetes.
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