Soil legacy data rescue via GlobalSoilMap and other international and national initiatives The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) believes that open access contributes to its mission of reducing hunger and poverty, and improving human nutrition in the tropics through research aimed at increasing the eco-efficiency of agriculture. CIAT is committed to creating and sharing knowledge and information openly and globally. We do this through collaborative research as well as through the open sharing of our data, tools, and publications.

RESUMOA erosão hídrica é a principal responsável pela perda da capacidade produtiva dos solos sob florestas plantadas e alteração da quantidade e qualidade da água em sub-bacias. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência dos sistemas de manejo adotados nos plantios florestais com eucalipto (eucalipto em nível -EN, eucalipto em desnível -ED e eucalipto em desnível com queima -EDQ) sobre as perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica em relação às perdas em floresta nativa (FN), pastagem (PP) e solo descoberto (SD), num Latossolo Vermelho (LV) e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA), e indicar qual o período mais crítico no manejo do solo, em relação à erosão hídrica, durante o ciclo de cultivo do eucalipto. O estudo foi conduzido em dois municípios: Belo Oriente (LVA) e Guanhães (LV), situados no Vale do Rio Doce, região Centro-Leste do estado de Minas Gerais. Com exceção do sistema SD no LVA, as perdas de solo foram abaixo do limite de tolerância admissível para essas classes de solos, nestas regiões, que são de 11,22 Mg ha -1 ano -1 no LV e de 7,17 Mg ha -1 ano -1 para o LVA. As perdas de água nos sistemas com eucalipto foram menores no plantio em nível, no LVA. Nos sistemas com eucalipto, os períodos iniciais após o plantio apresentam as maiores perdas de solo e água com redução ao final do ciclo. Por outro lado, no LVA os sistemas com solo descoberto e floresta nativa apresentaram aumento das perdas de água com o decorrer do tempo avaliado, indicando adequação dos sistemas com eucalipto. Palavras-chave: erosão hídrica; potencial erosivo da chuva; sedimento; escoamento superficial. ABSTRACTWater erosion is the main responsible for decreasing the productive capacity of soils under forest plantations and it changes the amount and the quality of water in sub-basins. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of management systems adopted in Eucalyptus forest plantations (eucalyptus in contour planting -EN, eucalyptus up and downslope planting -ED, and eucalyptus up and downslope planting with burning -EDQ) on soil and water losses by water erosion and to compare them with losses in native forest (FN), pasture (PP) and bare soil (SD), in a Red Latosol (LV) and Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA), indicating which is the most critical period in relation to water erosion during the cycle of Eucalyptus forest plantation. The study was carried out in two places: Belo Oriente (LVA) and Guanhães (LV), located in 'Doce' River Valley, central and eastern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Except for the SD system in the LVA, the average soil losses were below the limit of soil loss tolerance, in such regions, which are 11.22 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for the LV and 7.17 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for the LVA. The water losses in the eucalyptus systems were lower in the contour planting, in the LVA. In the eucalyptus systems, the periods immediately after planting showed the greatest soil and water losses with reduction at the final period. On the other hand, in the LVA, the bare soil and native forest systems increased water losses with the adva...

As humanity's demand for resources continues to rise and productive arable lands become increasingly scarce, many of Earth's remaining intact regions are at heightened risk of destruction from agricultural development. In situations where agricultural expansion is inevitable, it is important to manage intact landscape transformation so that impacts on environmental values are minimised. Here, we present a novel, spatially explicit, land use planning framework that addresses the decision making needed to account for different, competing economic-environment objectives (agricultural production value, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service retention) when land use change is inevitable within an intact landscape. We apply our framework to the globally significant savannahs of the Orinoquia (Colombia), which in a post-conflict era is under increased agricultural development pressure. We show that while negative environmental impacts can be reduced through planning, the total area of land converted to agriculture is the unavoidable principal driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss. We therefore identify planning solutions that perform well across all objectives simultaneously, despite trade-offs among them. When 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the study area is allowed to be converted to agriculture, on average planning can improve species persistence and ecosystem service retention by up to 16%, 15%, 12%, and 9%, respectively, when compared to agricultural-focused solutions. Development in the region so far has had an unnecessarily large impact on environmental objectives due to a lack of effective land use planning, creating an 'opportunity debt'. Our study provides an evidence base to inform proactive planning and the development of environmentally sensible agricultural development policy and practice in the region. This framework can be used by stakeholders to achieve agriculture expansion goals and maximise economic profit while minimising impacts on the environment in the Orinoquia, or any relatively intact region that is being developed.

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