The present research has shown that ECG recordings and parameters of the body functional state are crucial for all kinds of the astronaut pre-flight preparations (centrifuge, thermal chamber, pressure chamber, pressure chamber with special equipment). It is, therefore, important to develop methods and tools for early detection of the preclinical forms of the functional state disorders in patients undergoing high-intensity loads of mixed character. The method based on the hardware-software compleх (HSC) with nanosensors of high resolution has been proposed to measure the electrophysiological characteristics and bioelectrical impedance of the body tissues directly exposed to loading. The hardware-software compleх is subjected to clinical trials in Tomsk Research Institute for Cardiology. The obtained results show that the use of nanosensors of high resolution in the HSC without standard filters allows elimination of the power-line interference in ECG recordings. Monitoring of the tissue bioimpedance parameters under test loads enables the detection of preclinical (latent) forms of various diseases. After clinical trials in Tomsk Institute for Cardiology the developed apparatus will be proposed for in-depth study of the cardiovascular system and the functional state of the body of astronauts and other persons exposed to extreme loads.
To date, continuous dynamic monitoring of the cardiovascular system is relevant for improvement of the quality of diagnosis of cardiac diseases. The equipment available for continuous cardiac monitoring operates in the standard frequency range, has a low resolution, and contains filters that limit signals in low and high frequencies. The development of wearable devices and high-resolution methods for dynamic cardiac monitoring to record signals in the range from 0 to 3500 Hz without filtering and averaging is of high priority. In addition, this will allow us to obtain new data on the atria and ventricles of the heart and to detect cardiovascular diseases at an early stage. A wearable hardware and software complex based on nanosensors was developed, and preliminary technical tests of the complex were carried out. An algorithm and a program were developed to detect micropotentials over the entire duration of the ECG signal except for the waves of cardiac pulses and sharp peaks in signal processing. Histograms were built for quantitative evaluation of micropotentials, and the total energy of micropotentials was calculated. Preliminary medical studies were carried out on volunteers.
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