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Stable macrocyclic compounds based on phthalocyanines and porphyrins as hole- and electron-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells are reviewed.

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the promising photovoltaic (PV) technologies for applications requiring high aesthetic features combined with energy production such as building integration PV (BIPV). In this context, DSSCs have the ability to be wavelength selective, thanks to the development of new sensitizers by molecular engineering. The long history of dye research has afforded is technology different colorations for reaching panchromatic light absorption. However, nearly 45% of radiation from sunlight lies in the near-infrared (NIR) region, where human cones are not sensitive. This review provides the reader with key information on how to selectively exploit this region to develop colorless and transparent PV based on DSSC technology. Besides selective NIR absorbers, the triptych photoanode, counter-electrode, and redox mediator are together contributing to reach high aesthetic features. Details of all the components, interplay, and an opinion on the technological limitations to reach colorless and transparent NIR-DSSC are herein discussed in relationship with BIPV applications.

Owing to the complementarity between a bis-Zn(II)-porphyrin receptor and a fullerene ligand bearing two pyridine substituents, the substrate can be clicked onto the ditopic receptor, thus leading to a stable non-covalent macrocyclic 1 ratio 1 complex.

Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in:Advanced Energy Materials 8.25 (2018):El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two related families of star-shaped thiophene-containing hole transporting materials (HTMs) based on fused tetrathienoanthracene and non-fused tetrathienylbenzene cores are reported. All of them are endowed with four terminal (4,4'dimethoxy)diphenylamino groups that are linked either directly to the core or shows a different type of bridges (i.e., thiophene-phenyl or phenyl rings). The novel HTMs are tested in mixed-ion perovskite (Cs0.1FA0.74MA0.13PbI2.48Br0.39) solar cells, and power conversion

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Phthalocyanines (Pc) are well-known light-harvesting compounds. However, despite the tremendous efforts on phthalocyanine synthesis, the achieved energy conversion efficiencies for Pc-based dyesensitized solar cells are moderate. To cast light on the factors reducing the conversion efficiency, we have undertaken a time-resolved spectroscopy study of the primary photoinduced reactions at a semiconductor-Pc interface. ZnO nanorods were chosen as a model semiconductor substrate with enhanced specific surface area. The use of a nanostructured oxide surface allows to extend the semiconductor-dye interface with a hole transporting layer (spiro-MeOTAD) in a controlled way, making the studied system closer to a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell. Four zinc phthalocyanines are compared in this study. The compounds are equipped with bulky peripheral groups designed to reduce the self-aggregation of the Pcs. Almost no signs of aggregation can be observed from the absorption spectra of the Pcs assembled on a ZnO surface. Nevertheless, the time-resolved spectroscopy indicates that there are inter-Pc charge separation−recombination processes in the time frame of 1−100 ps. This may reduce the electron injection efficiency into the ZnO by more than 50%, pointing out to a remaining aggregation effect. Surprisingly, the electron injection time does not correlate with the length of the linker connecting the Pc to ZnO. A correlation between the electron injection time and the "bulkiness" of the peripheral groups was observed. This correlation is further discussed with the use of computational modeling of the Pc arrangements on the ZnO surface.