Forest and land fire in 2015 was a catastrophe in Indonesia, as it did not only cause damage on forest ecosystem and environments, but also impacted human health and economic loss. This research aimed to identify hotspots distribution in 2014-2015 as an indicator of forest and land fire, and to analyze fire susceptibility in Musi Banyuasin district, South Sumatra. Data used for fire prone analysis consisted of land cover map, forest status, hotspots data derived from NOAA18, soil types, topography and moratorium map. Results showed that based on land function, hotspots were mostly found in production forest with hotspots density of 0.049 hotspots km -2 . Based on land cover type, hotspots were mostly found in the open land (88 hotspots). Based on soil types, hotspots were mostly occurred on peat soils (180 hotspots and hotspot density 0.048 hotspot km -2 ). Soil type was mostly associated with hotspot occurrence. Sub-district of Bayung Lencir has the highest fire susceptibility among others. Low precipitation and El-Ninö phenomenon in 2015 were not the only drivers of peat fire. However two main current problems in the Forest Management Unit of Lalan Mangsang Mendis (e.g. illegal logging and open access) were driver factors of peat fire in the district.Key words: Fire prevention, fire risk map, forest management unit (FMU), peatland, spatial analysis ABSTRAK Kebakaran lahan dan hutan tahun 2015 telah menjadi bencana karena tidak hanya menyebabkan kerusakan pada kerusakan ekosistem hutan dan lingkungan, tetapi juga kerugian ekonomi dan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran titik panas tahun 2014-2015 sebagai indikator kebakaran dan menganalisis tingkat kerawanan kebakaran gambut di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Data yang digunakan sebagai faktor penyusunan tingkat kerawanan adalah data spasial tutupan lahan, status kawasan, data titik panas hasil olahan dari citra NOAA18, peta tipe tanah, peta rupa bumi Indonesia dan peta moratorium gambut. Hasil analisis tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan fungsi kawasan, jumlah hotspot terbanyak dijumpai di hutan produksi (HP), yaitu 196 hotspot dengan kepadatan hotspot sebesar 0.049 hotspot km 2 . Berdasarkan tipe tutupan lahan, jumlah hotspot terbesar dijumpai pada lahan terbuka sebanyak 83 hotspot. Berdasarkan tipe tanah, hotspot yang dijumpai pada lahan gambut sebanyak 180 titik, dengan kepadatan 0.048 hotspot km 2 . Dengan menggunakan empat faktor penyebab yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kebakaran hutan dan lahan, maka faktor lahan gambut merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kebakaran. Tingkat kerawanan kebakaran paling tinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Bayung Lencir. Fenomena El-Nino tahun 2015 bukan penyebab utama kejadian kebakaran gambut, tetapi masih maraknya illegal logging dan 'open access' area yang menjadi masalah utama pada Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lalan Mangsang Mendis menjadi faktor pemicu terjadinya kebakaran gambut di kabupaten ini.Kata kunci: Gambut, kesatuan pengelolaan hutan, pencega...
Tata HL, Narendra BH, Mawazin. 2018. Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses. Biodiversitas 19: 494-501. Pelalawan District of Riau Province, Indonesia was one of the districts most damaged by fire in 2015. Analysis of factors driving the fires, of pressures arising from the fires and of responses to the fires in Pelalawan District was conducted using two approaches: semi-structured interviews regarding social and policy aspects, and analysis of biophysical factors such as soil properties and spatial data. Results showed that forest functions (i.e. the functions served by different forest types) was positively related to hotspot density (R2=0.9868), while distance to nearest road less affected hotspot distribution (R2=0.1612). Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between hotspots density and four variables resulted in the following model: Y = 0.005384 + 0.000021 Soil Type + 0.000019 Distance to Road + 0.000038 Forest Functions + 0.000017 Land Use type. The pressures were expansion for agriculture, plantation and forest encroachment. Despite many negative impacts of fire, the burning practice on peatland could improve the pH and peat soil fertility (particularly ash and P contents). As a response to fire, a standard operational procedure for forest- and land-fire prevention was launched by the Governor of Riau Province in late 2015. A comprehensive and integrated policy package for forest and land fire prevention and control should include a social dimension in order to effectively reduce fire risk in the district.
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