O trabalho aborda a caracterização do regime de vento em diversos setores da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), evidenciando a influência do ciclo diário e dos aspectos topográficos nas circulações locais. Na avaliação do padrão de vento foram utilizados dados horários provenientes de estações meteorológicas automáticas de superfície, organizados em gráficos de frequência de vento para o ciclo diário. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam a modulação da circulação local de acordo com a atuação do sistema de brisa marítima-terrestre. Pode-se destacar a ocorrência de elevados percentuais de calmaria na estação Afonsos, caracterizando-a como uma região de estagnação, influenciada principalmente pelas feições topográficas locais. Este estudo disponibiliza um importante detalhamento da orientação e frequência do vento próximo à superfície, oferecendo subsídios adicionais às autoridades públicas para o aperfeiçoamento de suas políticas de gestão ambiental para a região.

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Baseado em dez anos de dados de direção e velocidade de vento da Estação Meteorológica Automática de Superfície (EMAS), foi caracterizado o regime de vento em superfície em Seropédica, Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Foram elaborados histogramas e rosas do vento decenal, sazonal e por períodos (madrugada, manhã, tarde e noite). As direções predominantes decenais foram N e SW, sendo associadas ao regime de brisa de vale/montanha e brisa marítima, juntamente com a passagem de Sistemas Frontais. As classes de vento decenal foram calmaria (abaixo de 1 m. s-1) (40,2%) e ventos fracos (1 a 3 m.s-1) (39,8%).

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Air quality models are essential tools to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) because they are effective in guiding public policies for the management of air pollutant emissions and their impacts on the environment and human health. Despite its importance, Brazil still lacks a guide for choosing and setting air quality models for regulatory purposes. Based on this, the current research aims to assess the combined WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF models for representing SO2 dispersion over non-homogeneous regions as a regulatory model for policies in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions to satisfy the UN-SDG. The combined system was applied to the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RJMR), which is known for its physiographic complexity. In the rst step, the WRF model was evaluated against surface-observed data. The local circulation was underestimated, while the prevailing observational winds were well-represented. In the second step, it was veri ed that all CALMET three meteorological con gurations performed better for the most frequent wind speed classes, so that the largest SO2 concentrations errors occurred during light winds. Among the meteorological settings in WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF, the joined use of observed and modeled meteorological data yielded the best results for the dispersion of pollutants. This result emphasizes the relevance of meteorological data composition in complex regions with unsatisfactory monitoring given the inherent limitations of prognostic models and the excessive extrapolation of observed data that can generate distortions of reality. This research concludes with the proposal of the WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF air quality regulatory system as a supporting tool for policies in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions in the framework of the UN-SDG, particularly in non-homogeneous regions where steady-state Gaussian models are not applicable.

Air quality models are essential tools to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) because they are effective in guiding public policies for the management of air pollutant emissions and their impacts on the environment and human health. Despite its importance, Brazil still lacks a guide for choosing and setting air quality models for regulatory purposes. Based on this, the current research aims to assess the combined WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF models for representing SO2 dispersion over non-homogeneous regions as a regulatory model for policies in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions to satisfy the UN-SDG. The combined system was applied to the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RJMR), which is known for its physiographic complexity. In the first step, the WRF model was evaluated against surface-observed data. The local circulation was underestimated, while the prevailing observational winds were well-represented. In the second step, it was verified that all CALMET three meteorological configurations performed better for the most frequent wind speed classes, so that the largest SO2 concentrations errors occurred during light winds. Among the meteorological settings in WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF, the joined use of observed and modeled meteorological data yielded the best results for the dispersion of pollutants. This result emphasizes the relevance of meteorological data composition in complex regions with unsatisfactory monitoring given the inherent limitations of prognostic models and the excessive extrapolation of observed data that can generate distortions of reality. This research concludes with the proposal of the WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF air quality regulatory system as a supporting tool for policies in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions in the framework of the UN-SDG, particularly in non-homogeneous regions where steady-state Gaussian models are not applicable.

The waters of the Paraíba do Sul River supply around 15 million people, most of whom live in metropolitan regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Climate change alters its precipitation regime and can cause an increase in the occurrence of extreme hydrological events. The variability of precipitation results from the combined effects of the surface conditions of the oceans and the variations in the dynamics of atmospheric systems. This work aims to detect possible changes in the climatic extremes of precipitation in the Paraíba do Sul hydrographic basin and to investigate evidences of correlation of these indices with the oceanic oscillations associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Results indicate that the eastern and northeastern sectors of the basin present trends of increase in the total annual precipitation, in the number of very humid days and in the occurrence of extreme events, in a space of time up to five days. The west and southwest sectors, on the other hand, show decreasing trends in total annual precipitation, in the number of very humid days, but with an increase trend in the maximum amount of rainfall on five consecutive days. The central sector has characteristics of a transition zone. The correlation analyzes show that the majority of the oceanic oscillation indices have a very weak correlation with the extreme precipitation indices, while the wavelet transform does not indicate significant power at the low frequencies.

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