) e quatro épocas de avaliação (270; 360; 450 e 540 dias após o plantio -DAP), utilizando ureia ou esterco bovino como fonte de N. Aos 540 dias após o plantio -DAP (época de indução floral), foi avaliado o efeito das fontes de N por meio do fatorial 2 x 5 x 4, que consistiu em : duas fontes N (ureia e esterco bovino), cinco doses de N e quatro populações de plantas, conforme estudo anterior. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, com mudas micropropagadas da cultivar Vitória. Avaliaram-se as características de crescimento da planta (número de folhas emitidas, comprimento e peso da folha "D" e diâmetro do caule), além do peso dos frutos com e sem coroa no final do cultivo. Não foi observada interação entre densidade de plantio, doses de N e dias após o plantio (DAP). O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o diâmetro do caule do abacaxizeiro, no entanto não interferiu no peso dos frutos, indicando a possibilidade de aumento da população de plantas para o incremento da produtividade. A utilização de ureia como fonte de N promoveu maior crescimento e peso dos frutos do abacaxizeiro. A utilização de doses de N na forma de ureia e esterco promoveu maior crescimento do abacaxizeiro e incremento linearmente no peso dos frutos, indicando a dose de 20 g planta -1 na forma de ureia, como recomendação de adubação nitrogenada para o cultivo do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' irrigado. Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus var. comosus, comprimento e peso da folha 'D', peso do fruto. GROWTH OF PINEAPPLE 'VITÓRIA' IRRIGATED UNDER DIFFERENT POPULATION DENSITIES, SOURCES AND DOSES OF NITROGENABSTRACT -In order to evaluate the growth of the 'Vitória' pineapple irrigated and submitted to increase population density and doses of nitrogen in the North of the state of Minas Gerais, the experiment was set in a factorial scheme 5 x 4 x 4, corresponding to five doses of N (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g plant -1 ), four plants populations (51,282; 76,923; 90,909 and 126,984 plants ha -1 ), and at four times of evaluation (270, 360, 450 e 540 days after planting -DAP), using urea or bovine manure as source of N. At 540 days after planting-DAP (time of flower induction), it was evaluated the effect of sources of N by means of factorial 2 x 5 x 4 that was composed of: two sources of N (urea and bovine manure), five doses of N and for plant populations as cited before. It was used a design in randomized blocks, with three replications, with Micropropagated plants of 'Vitória' cultivar. It was evaluated growth characteristics of the plant (number of emitted leaves, length and weight of the "D" leaf and stem diameter) and fruit weight with or without crown. It was not observed interaction between planting density, doses of N and days after planting (DAP). The increase in planting density decreased the diameter of the stem of the pineapple, however, did not affect the fruit weight, indicating the possibility of higher plant population for productivity increasing. The use of urea as nitrogen source promoted greater growth an...

A utilização adequada da adubação nitrogenada e o aumento da densidade populacional incrementam a produtividade do abacaxizeiro e podem aumentar o retorno econômico. Objetivou-se avaliar a rentabilidade econômica e as características de qualidade pós-colheita do abacaxizeiro Vitória irrigado, sob diferentes fontes e doses de nitrogênio (N), bem como o aumento da densidade populacional. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 4, correspondendo a duas fontes de N (ureia e esterco bovino), cinco doses de N (0 g planta-1, 5 g planta-1, 10 g planta-1, 15 g planta-1 e 20 g planta-1) e quatro densidades (51.282 plantas ha-1, 76.923 plantas ha-1, 90.909 plantas ha-1 e 126.984 plantas ha-1). As fontes de N não interferiram no pH, acidez total titulável e relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez total titulável (SST/ATT). Entretanto, o teor de SST foi superior nas plantas adubadas com esterco bovino. A densidade de plantas não interferiu na qualidade de pós-colheita dos frutos. O aumento das doses de N fornecidas via ureia e esterco bovino influenciou somente a acidez total titulável dos frutos. Com a adição de 20 g planta-1 de N-esterco e população de 126.984 plantas ha-1obteve-se o máximo rendimento líquido parcial de R$ 132.096,48. No entanto, a dose de 19,75 g planta-1 de N-ureia, na população de 119.686,00 plantas ha-1, resultou em rendimento líquido parcial de R$ 154.997,15.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of packaging to maintain quality and extending the postharvest life of umbu tree fruits in different storage periods, stored at 14 ° C and 90% UR. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four evaluation periods (0, 4, 8 and 12 days after storage) and four packaging systems (PET, PET with holes, PVC and LDPE), with four replicates and four fruits per experimental unit. The physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated, such as, objective color of the peel, firmness of the intact fruit, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and loss of fresh mass. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, using the SISVAR software program. The characteristics of the quantitative factor (types of packaging) were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability, while for those of the qualitative factor (storage period), the adjustment was made to the regression model. There was a significant interaction between packaging and storage periods only for loss of mass. The luminosity characteristic was significant only for the type of packaging. For the other variables such as chroma, HUE angle, firmness, titratable acidity and pH, there was no significant interaction between the factors tested, having significance only for storage period. For soluble solids, there was no significance for packaging and storage period. The PVC and PET packaging were effective in delaying the loss of mass, and withering of the fruits up to 12 days, which kept under refrigeration at 14°C. It was verified that along the storage time, physical and chemical changes occur in the umbu tree fruits.

Micropropagation techniques represent one of the technologies, which allows the large-scale production of banana and the culture medium composition is one of the major factors affecting in vitro propagation of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a new micronutrient delivery system based on ionic Cu and Zn for inducing in vitro organogenesis in two banana cultivars in vitro cultures, Grand Naine and Pysang Ceylon. The first experiment evaluated different concentrations of BAM-FX® (0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, and 2.56 µl ml-1) added to the MS culture medium. The concentration of 0.16 µl ml-1 BAM-FX® provided the best results for in vitro shoot and root growth and development. Therefore, a second experiment was performed to evaluate the potential of combining BAM-FX® with a reduced concentration of MS medium (¼, ½, and ¾ strength), or the use of BAM-FX® alone without MS medium. Results indicate that MS at ¾ strength combined with 0.16 µl ml-1 BAM-FX® provided proper in vitro shoot and root growth and development. The use of BAM-FX® in vitro requires additional studies to verify the feasibility of this product for efficient micropropagation of banana, as well as for other species.