Sex, age, and IDD are independently associated with paraspinal muscles FSF; only sex and age influence psoas FSF.

In this independent study, the Pfirrmann classification demonstrated an adequate agreement among different observers and by the same observer on separate occasions. Furthermore, it allows communication between radiologists and spine surgeons.

An early diagnosis and prompt treatment should be the goal treating cervical PSI, considering the potential devastating complications and increased mortality.

No abstract

This classification allows adequate agreement among different observers and by the same observer on separate occasions. Future prospective studies should evaluate whether this classification improves clinical decision making.

No abstract

The AOSpine classification (using the four main injury types or at the sub-types level) allows a significantly better agreement than the A&F classification. The A&F scheme does not allow reliable communication between medical professionals.

In this single-surgeon series, revision after the index spinal fusion was required for a relatively low proportion of patients. The main indications for revision were residual rib deformity, hook dislodgment, and progression of the unfused compensatory curve.