Neuroimaging of the cortical dysplasias

Focal cortical dysplasia type IIa and IIb: MRI aspects in 118 cases proven by histopathology

“…Inside wider lesions, we also analysed the distribution of these variables and WM signal changes and classified them as focal or diffused. All of the MRI variables were selected on the basis of our radiological experience and previous published FCD II data [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Many published studies have described the MRI characteristics of FCD II [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], but none has yet systematically evaluated the presence of each individual MRI sign in a large series of patients with histologically verified FCD II in an attempt to identify differential imaging features for the two FCD II subgroups (IIa and IIb). We retrospectively reviewed the MRI characteristics of a large cohort of patients undergoing surgery for DRPE and histologically characterised having FCD IIa or FCD IIb.…”

Tailored cortical resection following image guided subdural grid implantation for medically refractory epilepsy

“…44,45 It has been reported that 4-52% of patients with pathologically confirmed focal cortical dysplasia have normal MRI studies. 42,46,47 This wide range may reflect the use of older generations of MRI machines and as advances are made in imaging technology it is expected that this range will decrease. However, invasive EEG monitoring remains an important investigation in pre-resection evaluation of patients with medically refractory epilepsy due to dysplasia.…”

Structural magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy

“…Additional FLAIR/T2-weighted images are necessary, preferably 3D, or when not available, at least two orthogonal directions for cross-referencing [39].…”