Structural magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy

Deblaere, Karel; Achten, Eric

doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0710-2

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Numerous clinical studies specify that MRI plays an important role in diagnosis of epilepsy (6,14,17,18,22). Recent data support the usefulness of this non-invasive technique in cases with new-onset or refractory seizures, as well as in patients with neurological deficit (7,10,15,19,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Structural Mri in Patients With Medically Refractory Seizures

Kaprelyan¹,

Minchev²,

Tzoukeva³

2012

JofIMAB

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Introduction: Refractory epilepsy is common in patients with structural brain lesions including acquired disorders and genetic abnormalities. Recently, MRI is a precise diagnostic tool for recognition of different structural causes underlying medically intractable seizures.Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of MRI for detection of brain lesions associated with refractory epilepsy.Material and methods: 49 patients (20M and 29F; aged 48.6±24.7 years) with refractory epilepsy were included in the study. They presented with partial (46.0%), secondary (31.0%) or primary (23.0%) generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Clinical diagnosis was based on the revised criteria of ILAE. Structural neuroimaging (MRI), EEG recording, and neurological examination were performed Results: MRI detected different structural brain abnormalities totally in 36 (73.5%) patients, including cerebral tumors (21p), cerebrovascular accidents (5p), hyppocampal sclerosis (3p), developmental malformations (2p), postencephalitic lesions (2p), arachnoid cysts (2p), and tuberous sclerosis (1p). Neuroimaging revealed normal findings in 13 (27.5%) cases. EEG recordings showed focal epileptic activity in 38 (77.6%) patients, including 33 cases with and 5 without structural brain abnormalities.Conclusion: This study revealed that structural brain lesions are commonly associated with refractory epilepsy. We suggested that MRI is a useful diagnostic method for assessment of patients with uncontrolled seizures or altered epileptic pattern

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18, book 3 sclerosis, malformations of cortical development, hippocampal sclerosis) (2, 9,11,16,20). Usually the diagnosis is based on the clinical characteristic of seizures, ictal or interictal EEG recordings, structural and functional neuroimaging (1,6,13,15,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Structural Mri in Patients With Medically Refractory Seizures

Kaprelyan¹,

Minchev²,

Tzoukeva³

2012

JofIMAB

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“…Further research may confirm also that WKHT, as opposed to SHR and WKY, exhibit problems with hippocampal functioning in general. If these findings remain consistent, the WKHT could be developed as a model for age-related memory decline (Wu et al, 2008) or hippocampal sclerosis in which atrophy of the hippocampus in association with epilepsy (Deblaere and Achten, 2008) or hypertension (Solinas et al, 2003) is present and causes severe spatial memory decline (Marques et al, 2007). Advantages of using rats from the WKHT strain in these models are that manipulation of subjects (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial temporal lobe functioning and structure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: Comparison with Wistar–Kyoto normotensive and Wistar–Kyoto hypertensive strains

et al. 2009

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The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) is used as an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It displays deficits in frontostriatal functioning, but it is unclear if medial temporal lobe functioning and structure are affected. We used behavioral tasks that evaluate functioning of the amygdala and hippocampus to compare male SHR to male rats from two inbred comparator strains, the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and the hypertensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKHT) rat (n=8/strain). The three strains showed similar levels of amygdalarelated stimulus-reward learning during conditioned cue preference testing. In the ambiguous Tmaze task, which dissociates between spatial and habit learning, significantly more WKHT than SHR or WKY used a response (indicative of habit learning) vs. a place (indicative of spatial learning) strategy during an early probe test on day 8. During a later probe test on day 24, WKY progressed significantly from using a place strategy to a response strategy. Throughout all probe tests, a place strategy was used predominately by SHR and a response strategy by WKHT. Thus, SHR exhibited deficits in dorsal striatum-related habit learning whereas WKHT exhibited deficits in hippocampus-related spatial learning. Following behavioral testing, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted in subgroups of rats from each strain (n=4/strain). FLAIR imaging detected bilateral hippocampal hyperintensities in three of four WKHT and unilateral hippocampal atrophy in one of four SHR. The association between response strategy use during the initial probe test to forage for food in the ambiguous T-maze task and bilateral hippocampal abnormalities was significant. Collectively, while medial temporal lobe functioning appears to be normal in SHR exhibiting an ADHD-like phenotype, WKHT rats display both hippocampal functioning deficits and signs of bilateral hippocampal cell loss. The latter characteristics might be used to develop a new animal model of age-or disease-related decline in hippocampal functioning.

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“…Indications that require tailored sequences for optimal visualization of the hippocampus are medically refractory epilepsy and dementia [4, 5]. …”

Section: Imaging Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If acquisition time is limited, at least coronal IRT1W (1.5 T) or T2W (3 T) images perpendicular to the hippocampal plane should be acquired as extra to a standard screening protocol [8]. Contrast administration is only necessary if findings on the non-enhanced series need further investigation [4]. …”

Section: Imaging Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Unforgettable” – a pictorial essay on anatomy and pathology of the hippocampus

et al. 2017

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The hippocampus is a small but complex anatomical structure that plays an important role in spatial and episodic memory. The hippocampus can be affected by a wide range of congenital variants and degenerative, inflammatory, vascular, tumoral and toxic-metabolic pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging technique for evaluating the hippocampus. The main indications requiring tailored imaging sequences of the hippocampus are medically refractory epilepsy and dementia. The purpose of this pictorial review is threefold: (1) to review the normal anatomy of the hippocampus on MRI; (2) to discuss the optimal imaging strategy for the evaluation of the hippocampus; and (3) to present a pictorial overview of the most common anatomic variants and pathologic conditions affecting the hippocampus.Teaching points • Knowledge of normal hippocampal anatomy helps recognize anatomic variants and hippocampal pathology. • Refractory epilepsy and dementia are the main indications requiring dedicated hippocampal imaging. • Pathologic conditions centered in and around the hippocampus often have similar imaging features. • Clinical information is often necessary to come to a correct diagnosis or an apt differential.

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Structural magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Use of Structural Mri in Patients With Medically Refractory Seizures

Use of Structural Mri in Patients With Medically Refractory Seizures

Medial temporal lobe functioning and structure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: Comparison with Wistar–Kyoto normotensive and Wistar–Kyoto hypertensive strains

“Unforgettable” – a pictorial essay on anatomy and pathology of the hippocampus

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