“Unforgettable” – a pictorial essay on anatomy and pathology of the hippocampus

Dekeyzer, Sven; Kock, Isabelle De; Nikoubashman, Omid; Bossche, Stephanie Vanden; Eetvelde, Ruth Van; Groote, J De; Acou, Marjan; Wiesmann, Martin; Deblaere, Karel; Achten, Eric

doi:10.1007/s13244-016-0541-2

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…MRI is the method of choice in qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the hippocampus. The main clinical indications requiring volumetric assessment of the region are intractable epilepsy and cognitive disorders [1]. Hippocampal volumetry has become an important element of diagnostic as well as prognostic evaluations of these diseases [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative hippocampal volumetric measurements using magnetic resonance imaging

Özdemir¹,

Soysal

Eraslan³

et al. 2019

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: A wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have been shown to be closely related to changes in hippocampal volume (HV). It appears that hippocampal volumetry will be an indispensable part of clinical practice for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders in the near future. The aim of this study was to establish a normative data set for HV according to age and sex in the general population. Materials and methods: Hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging scans of 302 healthy volunteers were obtained using a 1.5 T unit with a 20-channel head coil. The hippocampal volumetric assessment was conducted using the volBrain fully automated segmentation algorithm on coronal oblique T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) images obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. The mean values of HV of groups according to age and sex were calculated. The associations between HV and age and sex were analyzed. Results: The mean HV of the study group was found to be 3.81 ± 0.46 cm 3. We found that the mean HV of males (3.94 ± 0.49 cm 3) was significantly higher than that of females (3.74 ± 0.42 cm 3), and the mean right HV (3.86 ± 0.48 cm 3) was significantly higher than that of the left HV (3.78 ± 0.49 cm 3) (P = 0.001). Among both females and males, there were statistically significant but poor negative correlations between age and volumetric measurements of both the right and the left hippocampi (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The normative hippocampal volumetric data obtained in this study may be beneficial in clinical applications for many neuropsychiatric diseases, especially for mesial temporal sclerosis and cognitive disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative hippocampal volumetric measurements using magnetic resonance imaging

Özdemir¹,

Soysal

Eraslan³

et al. 2019

Turk J Med Sci

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“…However, to date, the use of reduced-FOV imaging in the depiction of very small pathologic lesions with diffusion restriction in the brain stem and hippocampus has not yet been systematically evaluated. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The imaging examples presented in this clinical report stress but do not prove the importance of reduced-FOV imaging for the visualization of small lesions in the brain stem and hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Diffusion-Weighted Zonal Oblique Multislice–EPI Enhances the Detection of Small Lesions with Diffusion Restriction in the Brain Stem and Hippocampus: A Clinical Report of Selected Cases

Sartoretti

Binkert

et al. 2018

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Diffusion restriction is the morphologic hallmark of acute ischemic infarcts and excitotoxic brain injury in various cerebral pathologies. Diffusion restriction is visible as hyperintensity on DWI and as hypointensity on ADC maps. Due to the vicinity of multiple anatomic structures in the brain stem and hippocampus, very small lesions with diffusion restriction may result in severe clinical symptomatology, but these small lesions easily go undetected on standard cerebral DWI due to insufficient spatial resolution, T2* blurring, and image artifacts caused by susceptibility-related image distortions. Diffusion-weighted zonal oblique multislice-EPI with reduced FOV acquisition permits a considerable increase in spatial resolution and enhances the visualization of very small pathologic lesions in the brain stem and hippocampus. Improved performance in the depiction of different pathologic lesions with diffusion restriction in the brain stem and hippocampus using this sequence compared with standard DWI in selected cases is presented.

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“…The clinical MRI scans (when available) were visually analysed by two independent radiologists following a standardized protocol (Dekeyzer et al , ). All findings were in consensus between the two radiologists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired processing of response conflicts in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Ramm

Möddel

Sundermann

et al. 2019

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Increasing evidence from neuroimaging studies points towards a hippocampal role in resolving approach-avoidance goal conflicts. Furthermore, previous neuroimaging findings suggest that the hippocampus (HC) contributes to successful conflict resolution as it is measured, for example, in a Stroop paradigm. However, it is still an open question whether the hippocampus is indeed causally relevant for resolving cognitive conflicts. Here, we investigated whether conflict resolution performance is affected by hippocampal pathology. N = 30 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), almost exclusively showing MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis, and an equal number of agematched healthy controls performed an auditory Stroop paradigm. Participants listened to the words 'high' and 'low', spoken in either a high or a low pitch. Subjects' response time and accuracy to the phonetic information in the presence of incongruent (conflict trials) or congruent (non-conflict trials) semantic information were assessed. In addition, patients' regional grey matter (GM) brain volumes were analysed. We observed an increased effect of conflict on accuracy in patients with MTLE compared to healthy controls. This effect was negatively correlated with right HC volume. The results suggest that the impairment in the resolution of a response conflict is related to hippocampal structural integrity and thus add further support to the notion that the HC is not only involved but even causally relevant for successful cognitive conflict processing.

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“Unforgettable” – a pictorial essay on anatomy and pathology of the hippocampus

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Normative hippocampal volumetric measurements using magnetic resonance imaging

Normative hippocampal volumetric measurements using magnetic resonance imaging

Diffusion-Weighted Zonal Oblique Multislice–EPI Enhances the Detection of Small Lesions with Diffusion Restriction in the Brain Stem and Hippocampus: A Clinical Report of Selected Cases

Impaired processing of response conflicts in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

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