The study tested for the existence of a set of mood factors, replicated the factors, and determined their sensitivity to brief chemotherapy and psychotherapy. S moods were hypothesized, identified in 1 study, and replicated in 2 studies involving large groups of psychiatric outpatients, These moods were: Tension, Anger, Depression, Vigor, and Fatigue. 2 additional moods, Friendliness and Confusion, were identified but have not been confirmed. Evidence is presented for the factorial and concurrent validity of the mood factors and for their sensitivity to various treatment effects. A cross-study comparison is made of mood factors in the literature. The mood scales are thus shown to provide a useful method for assessing mood profiles in psychiatric outpatients.
Currently, the mood states are regarded as monopolar. This study tested in psychiatric subjects for the presence of five bipolar mood states after the influence of extreme response bias had been removed. The affective states hypothesized were: composed vs anxious, agreeable vs hostile, energetic vs fatigued, elated vs depressed, and clear-thinking vs confused. The sample of 303 cases included anxious, depressed and agoraphobic cases. Ratings of the 72 adjectives of the Profile of Mood States were intercorrelated. After extreme response bias score was partialled out the resulting correlations were analyzed by the method of principal components. The five factors isolated clearly support the bipolar nature of mood states postulated.
A study was designed to identify the main ways that clients perceive their psychotherapists. An inventory of 65 statements was constructed to measure 8 postulated interpersonal behavior patterns. The inventory was administered to 523 patients in treatment for at least 3 mo. A factor analysis disclosed 5 dimensions of perceived therapist behaviors. The dimensions were labeled Accepting, Understanding, Authoritarian, Independence-Encouraging, and Critical-Hostile. The findings were shown to be consistent with constructs proposed by Fiedler, Apfelbaum, and Rausch and Bordin. Patient and therapist ratings of improvement were found to relate significantly to therapist Acceptance and Understanding.
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