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U-Pb ages and whole-rock Nd isotope data have been obtained from the Paleoproterozoic lateorogenic migmatizing microcline granites of southwestern Finland. Isotope dilution and ion microprobe U-Pb data on zircons and monazites show that the age spectrum of these granites is at least 1.85-1.82 Ga. Commonly, zircons and monazites record the same ages. The age variation in the Veikkola granite area is of the order of 25 Ma and indicates that this seemingly homogeneous granite consists of two separate intrusions. The zircons of the lateorogenic granites are pervasively altered and conventional U-Pb results are commonly discordant. The ion microprobe studies reveal that the granites contain very few inherited zircons with preserved original U-Pb isotope ratios, with the exception of the Oripää granite. Initial ε Nd values, mostly in the range of -0.5 to -1.0, imply a moderate input of older crustal material into most of the lateorogenic granites. A shift from more juvenile to less radiogenic Nd isotope composition is observed from north to south, and the variation pattern of ε Nd values of the lateorogenic granites is thus similar to that of the surrounding synorogenic granitoid rocks.

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The Neoarchaean Era is characterized by large preserved record of continental crust formation. Yet the actual mechanism(s) of Neoarchaean crustal growth remains controversial. In the northwestern part of the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) granitoid magmatism started at 2.68 Ga with gneissic granodiorites showing intermediate character between sanukitoid and tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG). This was followed by intrusion of transitional (large-ion lithophile element-enriched) TTGs at 2.58 Ga. Finally 2.53–2.52 Ga sanukitoid and Closepet-type magmatism and intrusion of K-rich leucogranites mark the cratonization in the area. These granitoids mostly display initial negative εNd and Mesoarchaean depleted mantle model ages, suggesting presence of older crust in the area. Available data show that most of the Neoarchaean sodic granitoids in the EDC are transitional TTGs demonstrating the importance of reworking of older crust. It is suggested that the various c. 2.7 Ga greenstone mafic–ultramafic volcanic rocks of EDC formed in oceanic arcs and plateaus which accreted to form continental margin environment. Subsequent 2.7–2.51 Ga granitoid magmatism involved juvenile addition of crust as well as reworking of felsic crust forming transitional TTGs, sanukitoids and K-rich leucogranites. Microcratons were possibly the source of older crustal signatures and their accretion appears to be one of the important processes of Neoarchaean crustal growth globally.Supplementary material: Analytical techniques are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3470724

The Bundelkhand Craton in Central India holds a large Archaean granitoid complex consisting of cores of TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) gneisses of island arc or oceanic origin surrounded by abundant younger high-K calc-alkaline granitoids. Major and trace element groupings and ion probe U–Pb zircon datings of the groups show a time gap of 130 Ma between the main formation episodes of the TTGs (3.5/3.3–2.7 Ga) and the emplacement of the first high-K granitoids (2.57–2.54 Ga). Based on their geochemical diversity, the high-K calc-alkaline granitoids can be divided into low-silica high-magnesium (LSHM) granitoids such as sanukitoids and Closepet-type granitoids, and high-silica low-magnesium (HSLM) monzogranites with low-HREE and low-Eu subgroups. The former group points to mantle or mixed mantle and crustal sources, and the latter to pure crustal sources. All the varieties of the high-K granitoids formed within a narrow time span, which indicates large-scale partial melting and fluid activity in the mantle and crust, possibly resulting from a slab breakoff or delamination at the margin of an Archaean TTG continent.Supplementary material: Major and trace element concentrations and U-Pb results of granitoids from the Bundelkhand Craton are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3576377

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