Wylde, M.J., & Yong, L.C. (2015). Time-motion and heart-rate characteristics of adolescent female foil fencers. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc2), pp.S699-S706. Purpose: The aims of this study was to understand the time-motion and heart-rate characteristics of adolescent female foil fencing, explore the differences between the 5-touch and 15-touch bouts and compare these results with previous analysis of elite female foil fencers. Methods: Eight adolescent female foil fencers (age 14.3 ± 1.2 y, stature 157 ± 3.8 cm, body mass 45.9 ± 5.2 kg) were analysed at a youth fencing competition. Each fencer wore a heart-rate monitor throughout the competition and bouts were filmed so time-motion analysis could be carried out. Five movement classifications were used for the time-motion analysis, this were grouped into three categories based on movement intensity: Low, Moderate and High. Results: High-intensity movement accounted for 8.8 ± 4.4 % of total bout time with a mean duration of 0.8 ± 0.2 s. A higher percentage of low-intensity movement was recorded in the 15-touch bouts, with a higher percentage of high-intensity movement recorded in the 5-touch bouts. The mean duration of low-intensity movement was longer in the 15-touch bouts compared to the 5-touch bouts and a higher mean heart-rate was recorded in the 15-touch bouts compared to the 5-touch bouts. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that adolescent female foil fencers perform a greater percentage of high-intensity movement in 5-touch bouts compared to 15-touch bouts. However, these fencers demonstrate a higher heart-rate in the 15-touch bouts. The practical application of this study is that adolescent female foil fencers must have a strong aerobic base to maintain a lower heart-rate in competition and ensure that fatigue does not become a limiting factor to performance.

The aim of this study was twofold, firstly to assess the reliability of the VX Sport Log GPS-based accelerometer, and secondly the validity of the same device compared to a Catapult Optieye S5 (considered a gold standard) recording at 100 Hz. Design & Methods: A total of 15 participants were recruited to take part in two separate trials of a Badminton specific endurance test. Reliability and validity assessments were conducted using coefficients of variation, intra-class correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots per axis (Vertical, Antero-posterior and Medio-lateral) and for vector magnitude (player load). Results: Reliability results demonstrate high levels of agreement between devices. Validity results also demonstrate high levels of agreement. However, there were issues with sample rate agreement between manufacturers of 0.25%. Conclusion: This study re-emphasises the need for sports utilising GPS-based accelerometers to conduct reliability and validity studies to ensure the consistency between data collection systems.

This study investigated the pre-movement and during-movement visual search behaviour (VSB) and quiet eye (QE) of 11 elite versus 10 sub-elite ten-pin bowlers, performing under high-anxiety and low-anxiety conditions. Pre-movement and independent of expertise, bowlers had more fixations and directed them to more locations when performing under high-anxiety compared with low-anxiety. Elite bowlers fixated at more locations closer to the pins in pre-movement than during-movement, with pre-movement QE occurring mostly at the breakpoint and middle arrows. During movement however, bowlers fixated closer to the foul-line at the middle and right dots and arrows, with during-movement-QE occurring at the middle dots and right arrows. Elite bowlers recorded longer QE durations during-movement rather than pre-movement, albeit a later onset during the longish five-step approach prior to ball release compared with sub-elite bowlers. Our results suggest that QE during-movement instead of pre-movement could be more pertinent in differentiating expertise during sporting tasks with a long movement phase and far-aiming target. The relevance of pre-movement or movement-QE in characterising expertise and performance could therefore be sport-dependent. This should be considered when investigating skilled action and developing training programs for skill acquisition.

Yong, L.C., Wylde, M.J., Choong, G.C. W., & Lim-Prasad, D. (2015). Activity profiles in adolescent netball: A combination of global positioning system technology and time-motion analysis. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc2), pp.S707-S711. Purpose: This study sought to understand the activity profiles of adolescent netball players in match play conditions. To date there has been no published research in this area and such findings would give important insights to inform the training and preparation of adolescent netball players. Methods: Twenty-two adolescent netball players (age 14.5 ± 0.5 y, stature 165 ± 5 cm, body mass 58.32 ± 7.43 kg) were analysed while competing in a specially arranged outdoors match of 6 x 10 min periods. The players were categorised into one of three positional groups. To track the players' movement GPS units were worn located between the scapulas in a purpose built harness. The match was filmed so that post-match time-motion analysis could be carried-out. Both the GPS and time-motion analysis data was classified into one of six movement categories for analysis. Results: Midcourt players covered the greatest distance per quarter (37.73 ± 17.39 m/min) with the Attacking players covering the least distance (35.42 ±11.66 m/min). The Attacking players covered the greatest distance per quarter through sprinting (8.5 ±16.2 m/qtr), travelling nearly twice the distance of the other two groups. When comparing the mean frequency and duration of movements from the GPS and time-motion analysis, there was a discrepancy between the two methods. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that in adolescent netball Midcourt players cover the greatest distance per quarter while Attacking players cover the greatest distance through sprinting. A comparison between data from the GPS and time-motion analysis suggest that the GPS units used in this study under report the frequency and duration of high intensity movements.

Colocación de unidades de medición inercial en los deportes de raqueta: percepciones de los entrenadores sobre el uso de IMU durante el entrenamiento y la competencia.

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Purpose: The purpose of this project was to utilise global-positioning system (GPS) technology to understand the physical demands of youth international field hockey. Methods: Sixteen male field hockey players (age 17.1 ± 0.6 y, stature 165 ± 11 cm, body mass 63.3 ± 6.6 kg, estimated VO2max, 52.6 ± 5.3 ml/kg/min) were investigated while competing in 6 matches at the 2011 Boy's Under-18 Asia Cup. Each player wore a GPS unit during competition to track his movement. These movements were classified as either low-speed activity (<4.17 m/s) or high-speed activity (>4.17 m/s). Positional differences were analysed using magnitude-based Cohen's effect size with modified qualitative descriptors. Results: Forwards covered the most distance per minute across total distance, low-speed activity and high-speed activity in the 6 youth international field hockey matches. For high-speed activity there was a "Large" difference between the Defenders and Midfielders and a "Very Large" difference between the Defenders and Forwards. Conclusion: In youth international field hockey, Forwards cover the greatest amount of distance and carry out the most high-speed activity, while Defenders perform the least amount of high-speed activity. This suggests that these playing positions are sufficiently different to warrant specialised positional training.