Pre-movement and during-movement visual search behaviours vary depending on expertise and anxiety levels in ten-pin bowling

Abstract

This study investigated the pre-movement and during-movement visual search behaviour (VSB) and quiet eye (QE) of 11 elite versus 10 sub-elite ten-pin bowlers, performing under high-anxiety and low-anxiety conditions. Pre-movement and independent of expertise, bowlers had more fixations and directed them to more locations when performing under high-anxiety compared with low-anxiety. Elite bowlers fixated at more locations closer to the pins in pre-movement than during-movement, with pre-movement QE occurring mostly at the breakpoint and middle arrows. During movement however, bowlers fixated closer to the foul-line at the middle and right dots and arrows, with during-movement-QE occurring at the middle dots and right arrows. Elite bowlers recorded longer QE durations during-movement rather than pre-movement, albeit a later onset during the longish five-step approach prior to ball release compared with sub-elite bowlers. Our results suggest that QE during-movement instead of pre-movement could be more pertinent in differentiating expertise during sporting tasks with a long movement phase and far-aiming target. The relevance of pre-movement or movement-QE in characterising expertise and performance could therefore be sport-dependent. This should be considered when investigating skilled action and developing training programs for skill acquisition.

Eye-tracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports: an update 2016–2022

“…However, for three of the total five studies with an algorithmic GCA, the automation was at the expense of accepting a stationary collection of gaze data ( Spitz et al, 2016 ; Hunfalvay and Murray, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2019 ). Still, the remaining two studies with a completely automated GCA ( Goh et al, 2018 ; Krabben et al, 2022 ) represent significant progress in terms of algorithmic analyses of mobile eye-tracking data in sports-related settings (from 0% in 2017 to 8.0% more recently).…”

“…Overview of sports-related eye-tracking studies(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021)(2022). , and slippage correction) -most studies relied on comparably old technology with low specifications.…”

Enfoques Teóricos Que Soportan El Programa De Ciencias Del Deporte Y La Actividad Física

“…Hatzigeorgiadis, Bartura, Argiropoulos, Galanis, & Flouris (2018) y Schaun, Pinto, Praia & Alberton (2018), plantean estudios sobre Beat the Heat: efectos de una intervención de autoavocación motivacional sobre el rendimiento de la resistencia, examinando los efectos de una intervención de autodiscurso motivacional sobre el rendimiento de esta capacidad física; refiriéndose al gasto energético entre el entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, a base de agua y sesiones de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada en mujeres. Goh, Lim, Wylde, Chow & Lee (2018), presentan enfoques relacionados con los comportamientos de búsqueda visual previos al movimiento y durante el movimiento, que varían según la experiencia y los niveles de ansiedad en algunos deportistas. Colyer, Stokes, Bilzon, Holdcroft & Salo (2018), establecen un nuevo enfoque basado en el efecto de alterar la distancia de carga en el rendimiento de inicio del esqueleto, planteándose como interrogante: ¿es siempre beneficiosa una mayor velocidad de precarga?…”