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Coastal dune ecosystems are characterized by a strong relationship between abiotic and biotic factors. The aim of the study is to identify the abiotic factors that mostly affect distribution and composition of plant dune communities along the coast-to-inland gradient, focusing the attention on sediment grain-size parameters, mineralogy, and dune morphology. The research was carried out on two coastal dune systems belonging to protected areas in the Mediterranean Basin, specifically in Northern and Southern Tuscany (Italy). Grain-size analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, topographic surveys, and floristic data recording were carried out along 11 transects perpendicular to the shoreline; the portion of the beach investigated is comprised within the foreshore and the backdune area. The analyses revealed some differences between the two coastal dune systems in terms of sediment parameters, mineralogy, and dune topography. The differences are mainly ascribed to the physical characteristics of the sites where the surveys were carried out. These data were matched with those provided by the vegetation sampling and then statistically processed by means of methods such as the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), which showed that the mean grain-size is the most important abiotic factor that influences the composition of these coastal plant communities. These results might be considered to improve and optimize management and conservation programs for these ecosystems, since nowadays artificial dune reconstruction is a practice frequently used as a form of coastal protection

A checklist of the macroinvertebrates fauna of the Lago Pratignano is presented here. The Lago Pratignano is a small, natural water body of the high (1,307 m above sea level) Northern Apennines, Italy. It represents an important site for the conservation of endangered flora and amphibians, and  its importance for the conservation of the macroinvertebrate fauna is highlighted. The 82 taxa recorded make it an extremely rich habitat. The most represented group was Diptera, with 31 taxa, followed by Coleoptera, with nine, and Oligochaeta and Arachnida, each with eight taxa. Other groups are present in lower numbers. Despite the scant attention to theP study of the macroinvertebrates of small lentic habitats in the Northern Apennines, their importance for the conservation of the invertebrate fauna and the high contribution they give to the biodiversity is highlighted here.

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