a b s t r a c tIn this paper, we present the process and the results of the thermal analysis applied to a nanosatellite developed at Politecnico di Torino. First, main mission parameters and the spacecraft design are presented, in order to fix the boundary conditions and the thermal environment used for the analysis. Then, the thermal model built to solve the thermal balance problem is described into details, and the numerical simulation code is presented. Finally, results are given and discussed in depth. The tool developed provides excellent modelling capabilities and temperature distributions have been validated through commercial software.The analysis has been used to refine the spacecraft configuration and to set the requirements applicable to the thermal control system of the satellite. The results showed that a basically passive control is sufficient to maintain most spacecraft's components within their temperature range when appropriate thermal coatings and/or tapes are provided. However, heaters to warm up batteries are recommended to survive coldest conditions.
According to Eurostat statistics, electrical energy covered 17.5% of the final energy consumptions in Italian households in 2015, and the electrical intensity increase of 8.9% from 2000 to 2015. ISTAT survey on energy consumption of households represents a valuable source of data for an extensive analysis of this topic. In order to evaluate these data, a model has been implemented in Matlab ® , which calculates the electrical energy demand for lighting, electrical appliances, cooking appliances, DHW boilers, space heating and cooling. The present paper describes the methodology and the main results obtained with the above ISTAT dataset, consisting of 20,000 records. The numerical model allows allocating the electrical energy consumption for each end-use, in order to obtain a reliable estimation of the households' habits. Furthermore, it provides a useful tool applicable to the next surveys, in order to analyse the evolution of the electrical consumption of Italian households, to evaluate the potential energy savings of specific retrofit measures and to provide recommendations for policy actions supporting the improvement of the energy efficiency in the residential sector.
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