Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with artificial pleural effusion and/or artificial ascites has recently been recognized as a useful device for the treatment of tumors located on the liver surface and in the hepatic dome. Sixty patients (including 32 naive patients) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent RFA with artificial pleural effusion and/or ascites. We decided the precise indication for the use of artificial infusion according to the location of tumor. The total local recurrence rates at 1 and 2 years were 4% and 22%, respectively. The estimated survival rates of 32 naive patients at 1 and 3 years were 90% and 78%, respectively. The local recurrence rates of a tumor size of <3 cm and > = 3 cm at 2 years were 22% and 17%, respectively.
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