Acute viral respiratory infections are the main infectious disease in the world. In 2020, a new disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global pandemic. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as genetics, age and physical state, and its main input receptor is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The practice of physical exercises acts as a modulator of the immune system. During and after physical exercise, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released, lymphocyte circulation increases, as well as cell recruitment. Such practice has an effect on the lower incidence, intensity of symptoms and mortality in viral infections observed in people who practice physical activity regularly, and its correct execution must be considered to avoid damage. The initial response is given mainly by type I interferons (IFN-I), which drive the action macrophages and lymphocytes, followed by lymphocyte action. A suppression of the IFN-I response has been noted in COVID-19. Severe conditions have been associated with storms of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia, as well as circulatory changes and virus dispersion to other organs. The practice of physical activities strengthens the immune system, suggesting a benefit in the response to viral communicable diseases. Thus, regular practice of adequate intensity is suggested as an auxiliary tool in strengthening and preparing the immune system for COVID-19. Further studies are needed to associate physical exercise with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and it was estimated to occupy the first place in the coming decades, especially in poor and developing countries. This pathology is characterized, among other factors, by the disordered growth of cells, through cell cycle alterations. (1) It is a disease of multiple origins, which can be caused by lifestyle, environmental factors, genetic infl uence, and the aging process of the organism. (2) Because it is a disease related to the cell cycle, processes that can damage cellular structures are factors favorable to neoplastic development. In this sense, fl avonoids-phytocomposites that have varied actions in plants, such as protection against ultra violet rays, protection against pathogenic organisms and antioxidant action-have been studied. Due to these properties, flavonoids have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer, for having an antioxidant function, acting in the control of cell proliferation and in blocking neoplastic formation by mechanisms that regulate enzymes of the carcinogenic metabolic pathway. In addition, some of these compounds can inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, and important infl ammatory markers, showing an antiinfl ammatory property, (3) demonstrating their potential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, thus decreasing the chances of cell damage and the consequent neoplastic development. Studies demonstrate the therapeutic use of flavonoids to improve the prognosis, as well as prophylactic action regarding the development of breast cancer and thyroid cancer. (4,5)

Respiratory infections of viral origin have become the leading cause of infectious diseases in the world. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has challenged the entire global health system, since Covid-19 has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as age, genetics, nutritional status, physical status, as well as environmental factors. Despite scientific advances, so far, there is still no specific therapy for the disease. Thus, this study aims to analyze the contribution of physical exercise and maintenance and/or supplementation of vitamin D to the strengthening of the immune system against viral infections, among them, Covid-19. Regular practice of moderate-intensity physical activity is responsible for promoting a reduction in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), as well as triggering the increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, hypovitaminosis D predisposes to the development of chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in patients affected by Covid-19, the maintenance of vitamin D levels contributes significantly to the 0prevention of the cytokine storm. Thus, the association between maintaining vitamin D levels and performing moderate-intensity physical exercise is responsible for strengthening the immune system and, therefore, triggering a defense mechanism against infections by intracellular microorganisms, in which SARS -CoV-2.

Background: Pregnancy is characterized as a physiological period with greater sensitivity to insulin resistance and changes in oxidative stress. Purinergic signaling is directly related to diabetes, as this condition modifies the concentration of extracellular ATP and the level of degradation of ATP to adenosine. Objective: Analyze oxidative stress and the purinergic system in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and compare them with low-risk pregnant women (LR). Materials and methods: The research was of a quantitative approach of an experimental nature. The study was carried out at the Clínica da Mulher, which serves high-risk pregnant women, and at the Family Health Centers, which serves low-risk pregnant women, both located in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results: From the analysis, it was observed that oxidative stress was increased in pregnant women in LR compared to pregnant women with GDM by increasing the concentration of TBARS and reducing the concentration of Carbonyl Protein in pregnant women with LR. Regarding the purinergic system, there was a significant decrease in the hydrolysis of the nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP in pregnant women with GDM, and a significant increase in the hydrolysis of ADA, also in pregnant women with GDM. Conclusion: Therefore, pregnant women with GDM have less oxidative stress compared to pregnant women in LR concerning TBARS and Carbonyl Protein markers, thus allowing a greater antioxidant defense mechanism. Furthermore, concerning the purinergic system, there is an increase in the activity of ADA, which is directly related to the immunosuppression process, a necessary condition for the protection of the fetus during the gestational period.

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The Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) is the first higher-level institution in Brazil to emerge from the processes of social and political participation of social movements and networks of civil associations. Its objective is to ensure access to higher education for the entire population of the region named Fronteira Sul, historically excluded, in order to contribute to the resolution of local and regional problems. Its public and popular character is structural, with a historical aspect of a struggle of more than forty years of various social movements for the federal university, in defense of society and its ideas: democracy, equality, respect for diversity, citizenship, right to free public education, sustainability and social justice. The center of political action at UFFS is in direction of universal human rights, equality and the reduction of social inequality, being one of the structuring axes, the strengthening of Policies and Practices for the Promotion of Public Health, since society has presented its demands guided by the concerns with health care in the region. CEBES is a national entity created in 1976, whose historical mission is the struggle for the democratization of society and the defense of social rights, in particular the universal right to health. As a supraparty plural space, it brings together activists, leaders, researchers, teachers, professionals and students, together with other entities in the fight for health. It was responsible for founding the Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement, by producing and disseminating information, knowledge and critical analyzes aimed at strengthening subjects through the expansion of critical thinking and health awareness, essential elements for political practice and action. The Chapecó nucleus was created to contribute to academic education in the health field by respecting the founding principles of social justice that are in the Federal Constitution of 1988, universality, equity and integrality. Key messages Present the Chapecó nucleus created to contribute to academic education in the health field, while respecting the founding principles of social justice and democracy. To present UFFS as an important institution for universal human rights and its commitment to the reduction of social inequality in the strengthening of Public Health Promotion Policies and Practices.

Brazil is experiencing a situation never before seen in terms of environmental destruction. The expansion of monocultures has increasingly destroyed nature and this also has an impact on the increase in land concentration, rural exodus, poverty and hunger in the countryside. Transgenics allowed the expansion of areas to regions previously not suitable for monoculture production, requiring less labor and more pesticides. Just to produce 68.1 million tons of soybeans, exported last year, it required a quantity of water that could supply 2.03 billion people worldwide. This is the deficit of Brazilian agribusiness that cannot be calculated. If we calculate the expenditures of the public health system as a result of the use of pesticides, this will prove to be increasingly unsustainable. Recently, researchers found amounts of glyphosate a hundred times above the safe limit for human consumption in a stock of wheat stored in a silo in southern Brazil. The official speech of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) of Brazil is that the record release of pesticides is necessary due to the country's tropical climate. Universities and public research institutes have an important responsibility at this time: to investigate this type of problem and to allow its results to be available to an increasingly critical publicity. Brazil is experiencing a context of clear attacks on public institutions by the current federal government, either with cuts in the transfer of economic resources, or with the scrapping and attempts to destroy its image before public opinion. It is necessary to promote the training of citizen scientists in the field of Environmental Health, in order to be committed to the information to be produced and to the process of critical reflection on social development. Key messages To present an emerging issue in Brazil, related to Glyphosate, when researchers found amounts of glyphosate a hundred times above the safe limit for human consumption in southern Brazil. To present the concern in promoting the training of citizen scientists in the field of Environmental Health, as well as promoting the process of critical reflection and social development.

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