Fungi are the main microorganisms present in seeds, constituting the main cause of deterioration and production losses. Among the health testing methodologies for detecting fungi in seeds, incubation tests under controlled conditions facilitate fungal growth and sporulation. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pyroligneous extract in the control of phytopathogenic fungi occurring in Schizolobium amazonicum seeds. Treatments consisted of exposure of seeds to pyroligneous extract for a period of five minutes at concentrations (0%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 12.5%). The treated seeds were placed in Petri dishes, lined with two sheets of filter paper, moistened with sterile distilled water. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 7 treatments, with 9 seeds per plate and 10 replications per treatment, totaling 630 seeds arranged in 7 Petri dishes. The evaluation was performed 8 days later, with the aid of stereoscopic and light microscopy, where the fungal growth in each seed in the plates was verified for the incidence calculation and then the identification of these. Pyroligneous extract was found to be efficient in reducing the fungal incidence of the genera Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp., fungi considered important plant pathogens that could compromise seed quality and seedling establishment in the field. It also reduced the incidence of storage fungi capable of causing seed deterioration and consequent loss of vigor, such as Aspergillus spp. occurring in seed samples of S. amazonicum. However, Penicillium sp was not controlled by treatment of S. amazonicum seeds with pyroligneous extract up to 12.5% concentration.
When feeding on the roots, the nymphs of Mahanarva fimbriolata they cause lesions in the vascular system, compromising the transport of water and nutrients to the meristematic regions of the plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the control efficiency of M. fimbriolata using commercial isolates of M. anisopliae and imidacloprid insecticide in field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 4 treatments: Metarril®, Metiê®, Evidence® 700 WG, Control; and 4 repetitions with 750 m2 each. Bioinsecticides were applied at a concentration of 1.5×1012 viable conidia per hectare and the insecticide Evidence® 700 WG at a dose of 400 g ha-1 of the commercial product. Evaluations were performed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after application and the data were submitted to the F test, Tukey's test at P ≤ 0.05 and efficiency calculated using the Abbott formula. All bioinsecticides provided a high reduction in the number of leafhopper nymphs (95%) from 30 to 120 days after spraying (DAP). At 60, 90 and 120 DAP the bioinsecticides provided above 84% efficiency when compared to the insecticide. For adults, the bioinsecticides Metarril® and Metiê® caused a greater reduction in live insects and were more efficient than the insecticide Evidence® 700 WG, providing 100% efficiency. The bioinsecticides Metarril® and Metiê® provided better performance, being efficient in the management of M. fimbriolata.
A cigarrinha-das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata é uma das principais pragas em cana-de-açúcar e tem causado sérios prejuízos. Objetivou-se avaliar a patogenicidade de diferentes bioinseticidas à base do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae sobre ninfas de cigarrinhas. Cinco ninfas de 4º instar foram colocadas em placas de Petri contendo folha de cana higienizada. Os bioinseticidas Metarriz®; Metarril®; M. anisopliae JCO®; Metiê® e Gr-Inn CE® foram aplicados sobre as ninfas e folhas de cana com pressão de 15 libras.pol-2 e mantidas à temperatura de 25±1 °C, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12h. Foram calculadas a mortalidade acumulada, mortalidade corrigida pela fórmula de Abbott para o 3º dia após pulverização e submetidas à análise de variância pelo teste F, Tukey a P ≤ 0,05, e TL50 (tempo letal). Os bioinseticidas Metarril®, Metarriz® e Gr-Inn CE® apresentaram 91,7, 87,5 e 84,2% de mortalidade corrigida e 93,3, 90,0 e 86,7% de mortalidade acumulada. O bioinseticida Metarriz® apresentou a maior mortalidade com menor TL50 (0,9 dias) no primeiro dia, no segundo dia o Metarriz® e Metarril® obtiveram mortalidades de 86,7 e 80%, respectivamente. No terceiro, quarto e quinto dia os bioinseticidas apresentaram patogenicidade acima de 70%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.