Terceiro maior país em produção de frutas frescas no mundo, o Brasil destaca-se por apresentar ampla capacidade de adaptação produtiva de fruteiras exóticas devido, principalmente, às suas condições edafoclimáticas que somados a práticas culturais já estabelecidas, permitem alcançar altas produções. Além disso, o país é detentor de uma das maiores agrobiodiversidades mundiais, possuindo espécies nativas frutíferas com alto potencial de exploração do consumo. Porém, muitas vezes essas frutas não recebem o devido valor, sendo negligenciadas pelo desconhecimento popular, e, consequentemente, apresentam baixa participação no comércio de frutas do Brasil. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar o padrão de consumo de frutas, analisar o conhecimento popular sobre fruteiras exóticas e nativas e verificar a potencialidade de inserção de espécies nativas do Brasil no mercado de frutas. Observou-se que, o consumo de frutas é inferior ao recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), sendo composto em sua maioria de fruteiras exóticas adquiridas em supermercados. Apesar da falta de entendimento dos termos de classificação de frutas quanto ao centro de origem, os participantes da pesquisa, compreendidos majoritariamente por pessoas que possuem ensino superior, conhecem quais espécies são pertencentes à flora brasileira e quais foram introduzidas no território nacional. Além disso os entrevistados demonstram consciência da importância das espécies nativas e dos entraves que impedem a inserção no mercado em maiores quantidades, afirmando que gostariam de consumir mais frutas nativas, o que demonstra a potencialidade da fruticultura nacional.
No decorrer das últimas décadas, a produção de alimentos transgênicos tem gerado debates em torno dos avanços das biotecnologias na agricultura e seus impactos sociais, políticos, econômicos e ambientais em todo o mundo, e principalmente no Brasil, país de notório destaque para o agronegócio. Como parte deste debate, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender, através da aplicação de questionários on-line aos 318 entrevistados, a aceitação ou rejeição dos consumidores quanto ao potencial uso de frutos de laranjeiras doces geneticamente modificadas para o consumo humano e as perspectivas para a futura liberação da produção a nível comercial. Observou-se que há alta aceitação do consumo de laranjas transgênicas, porém estes produtos terão resistência por parte da população e de mercados importadores para uma possível produção e comercialização. Entretanto, observou-se que há alta perspectiva da população para que a transgenia se torne uma importante alternativa no controle das principais doenças dos citros que afetam drasticamente a produtividade deste setor.
Adequate nutrition has become a priority for the psychologically and emotionally affected population, especially those under stress due to quarantine and people affected by Coronavirus Disease in 2019 . However, records on eating behavior variations due to Brazil's pandemic are still incipient, and it is crucial to know and identify frequent incentives that arouse interest in a class of products. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the final consumer behaviors and the consumption influence of citrus fruits and their products, as a vitamin C source, in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. By applying an online questionnaire prepared on the Google ® Forms platform, a survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 546 unidentified respondents. The answers obtained made it possible to trace the participants' sociodemographic characteristics and consumption habits. According to the interviewees, there was a predominance of adults between 25 and 34 years old, female, single, living in the Southeast macro-region, and people with a master's and doctorate. level education. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the population interviewed did not change their consumption of citrus fruits and their products, but the place of purchase changed, possibly due to social isolation. Marketing is of fundamental importance in the Brazilian citrus industry, which is facing the challenge of encouraging a healthier diet and searching for expansion of the fresh fruit market.
Challenge of genetically modified sweet orange plants to infection by CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Brazil is the world's largest producer of sweet orange, as well as the largest exporter of concentrated juice. However, the citrus sector has some difficulties in the production process, mainly attributed to phytosanitary problems, with emphasis on bacterial diseases, such as huanglongbing (HLB) and citrus canker. HLB is of the most destructive diseases that the citrus industry has ever faced, being aggravated by the absence of curative measures and resistant citrus cultivars. Likewise, citrus canker is an important disease, which has registered a considerable increase in its incidence in citrus groves in the recent years. In this scenario, the production of transgenic plants can be an effective solution in the search for resistant cultivars with the use of several strategies, such as the expression of genes that encode antimicrobial peptides and of genes differentially expressed in resistant plants inoculated with different pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of 'Hamlin' sweet orange plants (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) transformed with the gene that encodes the d4e1 antimicrobial and synthetic peptide, directed by the 35S promoter and 'Hamlin' sweet orange plants transformed with the gene expressing a copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (csd1), isolated from Poncirus trifoliata and directed by Ubiquitin 10 promoter, challenging them against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The 'Hamlin' sweet orange plants were propagated by grafting on Rangpur lime rootstocks (Citrus limonia Osbeck), and then graft-inoculated with CLas contaminated axillary buds, or inoculated, by spraying and wounding, with a Xcc suspension. The presence and concentration of CLas were determined in the leaf tissues, by qPCR, six, 12, and 18 months after inoculation (m.a.i.). The hydrogen peroxide accumulation, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and detection of callose were evaluated in transgenic sweet orange events after the inoculation of the pathogens. Five transgenic events expressing csd1 and another, expressing d4e1 gene, exhibited reduced Clas populations when compared with non-transgenic plants, and showed no visible HLB symptoms six m.a.i.. The incidence and severity of citrus canker have been reduced in some transgenic events, showing significantly lower Xcc populations when compared to non-transgenic plants. The transgenic events that registered greater SOD isoenzymatic activities also exhibited greater hydrogen peroxide accumulations in the leaf tissues, after Xcc inoculation. Epifluorescence analysis showed a high amount of callose deposition in the sieved tube elements of the leaf tissues in some of the transgenic lines. These results suggest that the formation of callose may be an important defense response these biotic stresses, resulting in lower CLas and Xcc population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.