I n acute cerebral ischemia because of large vessel occlusion (LVO), endovascular thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment that is now standard of care. [1][2][3][4] Moreover, the degree of benefit from endovascular thrombectomy is highly time dependent.5 For every 1 minute that therapy is delayed in a typical large artery ischemic stroke, 2 million more brain cells die 5 ; for every 4 minutes that therapy is delayed between emergency department arrival and reperfusion, 1 of every 100 patients has a worse disability outcome. 6 For this reason, the national ideal target for the time interval from patient arrival in the emergency department to arterial puncture is <60 minutes. 7Background and Purpose-Rapid decision making optimizes outcomes from endovascular thrombectomy for acute cerebral ischemia. Visual displays facilitate swift review of potential outcomes and can accelerate decision processes. Methods-From patient-level, pooled randomized trial data, 100 person-icon arrays (Kuiper-Marshall personographs) were generated showing beneficial and adverse effects of endovascular thrombectomy for patients with acute cerebral ischemia and large vessel occlusion using (1) automated (algorithmic) and (2) expert-guided joint outcome table specification. Results-For the full 7-category modified Rankin Scale, thrombectomy added to IV tPA (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator) alone had number needed to treat to benefit 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-3.3) and number needed to harm 68.9 (95% confidence interval, 40-250); thrombectomy for patients ineligible for IV tPA had number needed to treat to benefit 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-2.5) and number needed to harm 100 (95% confidence interval, 62.5-250). Visual displays of treatment effects on 100 patients showed: with thrombectomy added to IV tPA alone, 34 patients have better disability outcome, including 14 more normal or near normal (modified Rankin Scale, 0-1); with thrombectomy for patients ineligible for IV tPA, 44 patients have a better disability outcome, including 16 more normal or nearly normal. Displays also showed that harm (increased modified Rankin Scale final disability) occurred in 1 of 100 patients in both populations, mediated by increased new territory infarcts. The person-icon figures integrated these outcomes, and early side-effects, in a single display. Conclusions-Visual decision aids are now available to rapidly educate healthcare providers, patients, and families about benefits and risks of endovascular thrombectomy, both when added to IV tPA in tPA-eligible patients and as the sole reperfusion treatment in tPA-ineligible patients. (Stroke. 2018;49:90-97.
Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), conhecido como derrame, é considerado a primeira causa de mortes no mundo e de incapacidade permanentes em adultos, o que demanda que seja identificado e tratado o mais precocemente possível. Existem estudos que descrevem os fatores de risco no AVC, mas não está claro como esses fatores de risco interferem no prognóstico dos pacientes. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes admitidos na unidade de pronto atendimento (UPA) de uma cidade do Centro Oeste de Minas Gerais, com diagnóstico de AVC. Materiais e Métodos: Foi avaliado o prognóstico clínico desses pacientes relacionando esses dados com as lesões nas imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC), quando existentes, através das escalas NIHSS e ASPECTS. Resultados: Foram examinados 59 pacientes, sendo observada uma alta incidência de hipertensão arterial (89,8%) e sedentarismo (40,3%). A TC foi realizada em 27,6% dos pacientes admitidos na UPA com AVC e o predomínio da lesão no cérebro foi o hemisfério cerebral direito (44%). A avaliação do prognóstico dos pacientes pela escala NIHSS demonstrou que 33,9% dos pacientes apresentaram escore entre 0 a 7 (bom prognóstico). Os pacientes que apresentaram AVC/AIT prévio como fator de risco tiveram o pior prognóstico na escala NIHSS. Cerca de 20,3% dos pacientes chegaram na UPA com menos de 4 horas e 30 minutos do ictus. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe uma alta prevalência de pacientes hipertensos, sedentários, dislipidêmicos, diabéticos, tabagistas, etilistas e com AVC/AIT prévio, na cidade em estudo, indicando a necessidade de intervenções na atenção primária local, além do acompanhamento dos pacientes após a alta hospitalar. DESCRITORES Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Prognóstico. Tomografia Computadorizada.
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