Venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions. The aim of this study was an application of texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to evaluate VL treatment. Twenty-three VLs were included in the study. We used a 980 nm diode laser, 6 W, 100 ms pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle. The total dose of energy was in a range from 80 J to 600 J. We used the difference of intensity algorithm for FDA and microcontrast and a co-occurrence matrix for TA. A complete therapeutic effect was achieved in 83%, and in 9%, scar formation was observed after three months. No healing was observed in 4%, and there was partial healing in 4%. No differences in FD were observed between the lesions after three months and the healthy mucosa. The fractal dimension and microcontrast of a vascular lesion are mutually coupled. FDA and TA is a useful and objective method of assessing treatment effects for venous lakes. The non-contact mode of the 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe method for treating a VL.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. It accounts for approx. 80% of human skin cancers and belongs to the group of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The highest incidence of this cancer is visible in older people, over 65 years of age. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved method with a selective cytotoxic activity. It is used in the treatment of superficial forms of BCC, precancerous conditions (hyperkeratosis, actinic keratosis) and non-cancerous diseases (acne vulgaris, infection with herpes simplex virus-HSV, leukoplakia, lichen planus). The aim of the study was to apply PDT to a patient with a clinical diagnosis and histopathologically confirmed BCC. The patient, male, aged 82, reported to the Department of Oral Surgery at Wroclaw Medical University with BCC of dimensions 0.5 × 1.5 cm, present for 13 years in the area of the right mandibular angle, after previous surgical treatment. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and PDT were employed using a semiconductor laser. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was used as a photosensitizer. The PDD and PDT procedures were applied at 2-week intervals for 3 months. Control visits after 3, 6 and 12 months did not show local recurrence. Photodynamic therapy is a highly useful, independent method of treating superficial forms of BCC.
Background: Lasers are widely used in medicine in soft and hard tissue surgeries and biostimulation. Studies found in literature typically compare the effects of single-wavelength lasers on tissues or cell cultures. In our study, we used a diode laser capable of emitting three components of visible light (640 nm, red; 520 nm, green; 450 nm, blue) and combining them in a single beam. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of laser radiation in the visible spectrum on tissue in vitro, depending on the wavelength and pulse width. Methods: All irradiations were performed using the same output power (1.5 W). We used various duty cycles: 10, 50, 80 and 100% with 100 Hz frequency. Maximum superficial temperature, rate of temperature increase and lesion depth were investigated. Results: Maximum superficial temperature was observed for 450 + 520 nm irradiation (100% duty cycle). The highest rate of increase of temperature was noted for 450 + 520 nm (100% duty cycle). Maximum lesion depth was observed in case of three-wavelength irradiation (450 + 520 + 640 nm) for 100, 80 and 50% duty cycles. Conclusions: The synergistic effect of two-wavelength (450 + 520 nm) irradiation was observed in case of maximum temperature measurement. The deepest depth of lesion was noted after three-wavelength irradiation (450 + 520 + 640 nm).
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