Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia na caracterização da variabilidade espacial de fósforo e potássio disponíveis no solo, pelo uso de diferentes dimensões de malhas amostrais, bem como a similaridade dos mapas temáticos gerados. O estudo foi conduzido em área de Latossolo Vermelho de 41,96 ha, em Boa Vista das Missões, RS. A amostragem de solo foi realizada na camada de 0,00-0,10 m, tendo-se utilizado sete dimensões de malha amostral: 50x50, 75x75, 100x100, 125x125, 150x150, 175x175 e 200x200 m. Os dados de P e K foram submetidos às análises de estatística descritiva e de geoestatística, e a similaridade dos mapas temáticos gerados foi analisada pelo coeficiente de desvio relativo e pela matriz de correlação de Pearson. A redução da dimensão da malha amostral aumenta a acurácia na caracterização da variabilidade espacial de P e K e, consequentemente, a qualidade das informações geradas por meio dos mapas temáticos. Malhas amostrais ≤100x100 m são recomendadas para planos de amostragem de solo adotados nas áreas de agricultura de precisão no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.Termos para indexação: adubação à taxa variada, agricultura de precisão, amostragem georreferenciada de solo, fertilidade do solo, similaridade de mapas temáticos. Sampling grid size for characterization of the spatial variability of phosphorus and potassium in an OxisolAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy in the characterization of the spatial variability of soil phosphorus and potassium, using different sampling grid sizes, as well as the similarity of the thematic maps generated. The study was carried out in a 41.96 ha Oxisol area in the municipality of Boa Vista das Missões, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soil sampling was done at the 0.00-0.10 m layer, using seven sampling grid sizes: 50x50, 75x75, 100x100, 125x125, 150x150, 175x175, and 200x200 m. P and K data were subjected to descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses, and the similarity of the thematic maps generated was analyzed by the coefficient of relative deviation and Pearson's correlation matrix. The reduction in the size of the sampling grid increases the accuracy in the characterization of the spatial variability of P and K and, consequently, the information generated by the thematic maps. Sampling grid sizes ≤100x100 m are recommended for soil sampling plans adopted in precision agriculture areas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Index terms: variable-rate fertilization, precision agriculture, georeferenced soil sampling, soil fertility, similarity of thematic maps. IntroduçãoA agricultura de precisão (AP) é um avanço tecnológico relativamente recente de gerenciamento do sistema solo-planta-atmosfera, baseada nos princípios da caracterização da variabilidade espacial e da gestão de informações, que engloba fatores de produção e produtividade das culturas (Montanari et al., 2012). Entre as ferramentas da AP, a amostragem georreferenciada de solo por meio de malhas regulares, para caracterizar a variabil...
RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a efi ciência das malhas amostrais, utilizadas nas áreas manejadas com agricultura de precisão, para a caracterização da variabilidade espacial dos teores de fósforo (P) e potássio (K). O estudo foi conduzido em 30 áreas agrícolas, localizadas no Rio Grande do
RESUMOEstudos referentes ao descarte de resíduos orgânicos urbanos e agroindustriais tornaram-se imprescindíveis pela possibilidade de seu uso na produção de mudas florestais e pelo impacto ambiental que seria provocado pelo descarte inadequado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis submetidas a diferentes tipos e combinações de substratos orgânicos urbano e agroindustriais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação sob delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 10 tratamentos constituídos por diferentes substratos e proporções de combinação dos mesmos (100% Composto Orgânico de Lixo Urbano (COLU); 100% Composto Orgânico de Resíduo Agroindustrial (CORA); 100% Substrato Comercial; 25% COLU + 75% Comercial; 25% CORA + 75% Comercial; 25% COLU + 75% Solo; 50% COLU + 50% Comercial; 50% CORA + 50% Comercial; 50% Comercial + 50% Solo e 100% Solo) e 12 repetições. Avaliaram-se altura da planta, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, comprimento entre nós, massa fresca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, massa seca total, comprimento da raiz principal, comprimento do sistema radicular, volume do sistema radicular, raio médio das raízes, área superficial específica do sistema radicular e estabilidade de torrão. Os substratos contendo composto orgânico de lixo urbano apresentam grande potencialidade de uso como substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. A mistura de substrato comercial ao composto orgânico de lixo urbano possibilita crescimento do sistema radicular e parte aérea das mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. A mistura de 50% de substrato comercial e 50% composto orgânico de resíduo agroindustrial proporciona maior crescimento de diâmetro de caule em relação aos tratamentos contendo solo ou em relação ao composto orgânico de resíduos agroindustriais. Palavras-chave: composto orgânico; composto de lixo urbano; produção de mudas. ABSTRACTStudies regarding the disposal of urban and agro-industries waste have become essential for the possibility of their use in forest seedling production and the environmental impact that would be caused by improper disposal. The study was developed to evaluate the growth of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings submitted to different types and combinations of urban and agro-industrial organic substrates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments consisting of different substrates and proportions combinations of them (100% organic compost urban waste (COLU), 100% organic compost of the agro-industrial residue (CORA); 100% commercial substrate; 25% (COLU)+ 75% Commercial; 25% CORA +75% Commercial; 25% COLU + 75% soil; 50% COLU +50% Commercial; 50% CORA +50% Commercial; 50% Commercial + 50% soiland 100% Soil) and 12 repetitions. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, length between node, fresh weight of shoot and root
Palavras-chave: agricultura de precisão, malhas amostrais,Anticarsia gemmatalis, Pseudoplusia includens. Castilhos -RS city, in 2008 ABSTRACT The knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of pest insects on soybean crop through the use of precision agriculture tools, have been appointed as an important strategy in the integrated pest management (IPM). In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of sample density in the monitoring of defoliating caterpillars in soybean crop. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of 47.98ha, located in Júlio de
Proximal soil sensing: quantification of physical and chemical soil attributes The objective of this work was to investigate soil sensing techniques and to analyze the potential for their use directly in the field. Four distinct steps were developed to meet the following objectives: a) to compare and evaluate the potential of predicting soil attributes with three portable spectrometers (vis-NIR) in a controlled environment; B) to evaluate the on-the-go prediction of pH, P and K using optical sensors (vis-NIR reflectance) and electrochemical techniques (ion-selective pH and K electrodes) in an experimental area with induced variability; C) assemble and test a field platform with electrical, electrochemical and optical sensors; D) to evaluate the potential of predicting soil texture using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy equipment. In the first step the vis-NIR spectral reflectance readings of the three equipments evaluated were very similar, with correlation coefficients above 0.86 in the 400 to 1800 nm range. When compared in this spectral region, the equipment produced very similar prediction models, with slight superiority for the FieldSpec system. The models showed to be more promising for the prediction of soil texture in relation to chemical attributes. In the second step the field readings using ion-selective pH and K electrodes presented a high correlation with the laboratory analyzes. The evaluations showed that soil conditions with low moisture significantly affect the readings. Despite the high correlation, the field values need to be corrected for the desired laboratory methodology. Prediction models of P, K and pH using field-vis-NIR spectrometry showed low precision. The tests of the Multisensors Soil Platform (MSP) in the third stage demonstrated that it is possible to use electric, electrochemical and optical sensors in the same platform. The electrical conductivity (EC) readings showed that this parameter was related with soil texture, acting as an indicator of variability and allowing the identification of texture transitions. The pH measured by MSP exhibited correlations below those verified in the second step. However, some atypical results were verified, such as the higher correlation between pH in CaCl 2 and MSP than in H 2 O. The vis-NIR reflectance readings using the MSP resulted in good sand and clay prediction models, allowing the creation of high resolution maps of these parameters. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was efficient for estimating soil texture. The sand and clay contents were estimated both by simple linear regressions and multiple regressions with R² values above 0.60. Total Fe was the main element used in these regression models.
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