Introduction: Primary extranodal lymphoma (pENL) refers to group of disorders arising from tissues other than lymph nodes and even from sites, which normally do not contain lymphoid tissue. The incidence of extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphoma (ENL) is rising throughout the world. However, data regarding ENL as a group is limited. This study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and histological subtypes of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from a tertiary care institute in Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology over a period of 2-years. Detailed clinical history, routine complete blood count, microbiological status was obtained from the medical records. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed and immunohistochemistry was performed using a panel of antibodies depending on the morphology. All cases were classified based upon morphologic and immunophenotypic criteria according to World Health Organization 2008 classification. Results: Primary extranodal NHL constituting 54.7% (70/128) of all NHL and the majority of patients were from higher age group with peak incidence seen in fifth and sixth decade of life. In the pediatric population, the most common site was GI tract (45.5%) followed by skin (18.2) and the most common morphology was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (54.5%).
Background: Lack of proper knowledge and faulty practices in biomedical waste management is common in developing countries like India. This study was conducted in the department of surgery of a tertiary level hospital attached with medical college. The purpose of the study was to evaluate lacunae in disposal of hospital generated wastes and recommend steps to rectify the prevalent scenario. Material and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was undertaken in the department of surgery, J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer (Rajasthan) in the month of January 2016, with a study group of 123 health care professionals comprising of doctors, nursing staff and class 4 workers. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Biomedical Waste Management among the study group. The data was analyzed using proportion and percentages. Results: The data showed that knowledge regarding hazardous nature of biomedical waste, duration of waste storage and utility of plastic bags were less than satisfactory levels. Only 42% of doctors and 31% of nursing staff had undergone BMW (Bio-Medical Waste) management training. They were however, willing to be part of BMW management plan and majority of the group agreed on the need to conduct CME programs to upgrade knowledge. Faulty practices were noted in disposal of pharmaceutical waste, sharps and general waste. Majority claimed that they use the personal protective equipment (PPE) i.e. gloves etc. Conclusion: Inference drawn from the data shows an enterprising attitude of health care workers towards BMW management, but prevalence of wrong practices mostly stemming from lack of knowledge. This study shows that there is a regular need for CME (Continuing Medical Education) in the department of surgery, for improving the knowledge of health care personnel.
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