Association of Ki-67 Proliferative Index with Clinico-Pathological Features of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classified According to WHO (2008)

Abstract

Background: Lack of proper knowledge and faulty practices in biomedical waste management is common in developing countries like India. This study was conducted in the department of surgery of a tertiary level hospital attached with medical college. The purpose of the study was to evaluate lacunae in disposal of hospital generated wastes and recommend steps to rectify the prevalent scenario. Material and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was undertaken in the department of surgery, J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer (Rajasthan) in the month of January 2016, with a study group of 123 health care professionals comprising of doctors, nursing staff and class 4 workers. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Biomedical Waste Management among the study group. The data was analyzed using proportion and percentages. Results: The data showed that knowledge regarding hazardous nature of biomedical waste, duration of waste storage and utility of plastic bags were less than satisfactory levels. Only 42% of doctors and 31% of nursing staff had undergone BMW (Bio-Medical Waste) management training. They were however, willing to be part of BMW management plan and majority of the group agreed on the need to conduct CME programs to upgrade knowledge. Faulty practices were noted in disposal of pharmaceutical waste, sharps and general waste. Majority claimed that they use the personal protective equipment (PPE) i.e. gloves etc. Conclusion: Inference drawn from the data shows an enterprising attitude of health care workers towards BMW management, but prevalence of wrong practices mostly stemming from lack of knowledge. This study shows that there is a regular need for CME (Continuing Medical Education) in the department of surgery, for improving the knowledge of health care personnel.

Visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging techniques allow the reliable quantification of prognostic markers in lymphomas: A pilot study using the Ki67 proliferation index as an example

“…Visual assessment (VA) of the proliferative index was performed by two experienced hematopathologists (AB, BZ). The percentage of positive tumor cells was estimated in 5% steps up to 20% and in 10% steps thereafter (i.e., 5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100). Slides were reviewed at low power (2.5 £) using a standard microscope (BX 50 Olympus), and for a final evaluation of the proliferative index, at least three different fields-of-view at high magnification (40 £) were chosen by the pathologists.…”

“…First, different Ki67 cutoff values have been described for indolent, more aggressive, and highly aggressive lymphomas across a range of studies, which is likely due to the inclusion of different lymphoma subsets [6,8,10,11]. Second, differences in therapeutic approaches have occurred over time, particularly because anti-CD20 immunotherapy has entered clinical routine, concerning the impact of Ki67 staining on clinical outcome [5].…”