Imbalanced data causes misclassification because the majority of the dominant data is in the minority data, which results in a decrease in the value of accuracy. UCI dataset is a public dataset that can be used as a dataset in machine learning. This study aims to evaluate the Decision Tree, K-NN, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine classification methods on data imbalances in MWMOTE. MWMOTE is used in resolving Imbalanced cases through weighting and grouping. This goal is achieved by evaluating the Decision Tree, K-NN, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine classification methods in MWMOTE to produce more representative synthetic data and increase the accuracy value. The results obtained from this study indicate that the Decision Tree has higher evaluations of recall, precision, F-measure, and accuracy compared to K-NN, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine for data that are balanced with MWMOTE.
AbstrakInfeksi saluran kemih (ISK) terjadi akibat adanya invasi mikroorganisme (bakteri) pada saluran kemih. Peningkatan kejadian ISK dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi refluks vesikouretral (RVU), obstruksi saluran kemih, pemakaian instrumen uretral baru, dan septikimia. Angka kejadian ISK di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kediri tahun 2016 berjumlah 346 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya Escherichia coli pada urine pasien ISK di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kediri. Besarnya persentase ISK yang disebabkan E. coli mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan isolasi bakteri tersebut dari urine pasien ISK di rumah sakit tersebut. Teknik sampling yang digunakan berupa Accidental sampling dengan sampel berupa urine porsi tengah (UPT) sebanyak 30. Sampel urine diinokulasikan pada media MCA, kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Gram, dilanjutkan uji biokimia reaksi untuk membedakan golongan Enterobacter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 sampel positif mengandung E. coli, 3 sampel mengandung Klebsiella spp., dan 15 sampel tidak terdeteksi sama sekali. Hasil positif E. coli ditunjukkan dengan koloni bulat berukuran kecil, elevasi semi mucoid, dan fermentasi laktosa positif pada media MCA. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa E. coli dapat ditemukan pada sampel urine pasien ISK di Rumah Sakit Bayangkara Kediri.Abstract Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by microbial invasion (bacteria) in the urinary tract. The increased of UTI can be affected by a condition of vesicouretral reflux (RVU), urinary tract obstruction, application of new urethral instruments, and septicemia. The incidence of UTI in Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital in 2016 was 346 cases. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of E. coli in UTI patients in the Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital. The large percentage of UTI caused by Escherichia coli encouraged researchers to isolate the bacteria from the urine of UTI patients in the hospital. Accidental sampling with 30 middle portion urine samples (UPT) was carried out. The samples were inoculated onto separate MCA media. Representative bacterial isolates were stained with Gram staining technique and followed by reaction biochemistry tests to distinguish Enterobacter groups. The results showed that 12 urine samples contained E. coli, 3 urine samples contained Klebsiella spp., while 15 urine samples were negative (not containing bacteria). The positive results of E. coli showed small rounded, elevation of semi mucoid colonies, and positive lactose fermentation on the MCA media. It showed that E. coli indeed exists in the urine samples of UTI patients in Bayangkara Kediri Hospital.
Probiotik dapat dijadikan sebagai pengobatan alternatif pengganti antibiotik. Penggunaan probiotik mampu meningkatkan kesehatan host dengan cara menyeimbangkan jumlah mikroflora normal sehingga dapat meningkatkan fungsi barrier mukosa dan mencegah timbulnya infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas probiotik single strain dan multi strain terhadap E. coli sebagai salah satu bakteri yang sering menyebabkan diare. Metode yang digunakan adalah difusi sumuran (60 µl) dengan lama inkubasi 3x24 jam dan pengukuran zona jernih dilakukan setiap 1x24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan probiotik multi strain lebih efektif menghambat E. coli. Bakteri asam laktat dalam probiotik menghasilkan asam laktat dan bakteriosin yang mengubah suasana asam sehingga menimbulkan perforasi. Kebocoran nutrisi dan masuknya senyawa antibakteri akibat lisisnya dinding sel mengakibatkan rusaknya permeabilitas membran dan hilangnya proton motive force (PMF). Kondisi tersebut akan mengganggu proses metabolisme dan kematian sel. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan probiotik single strain dan multi strain efektif dalam menghambat E. coli.
Contamination of processed beef foods such as abon can be caused by various types of microbes, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus can cause various infections, both on the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or endocarditis. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in beef abon sold in Pahing Market, Kediri. Abon used is non-branded beef abon which is as many as 10 samples obtained by total sampling technique. Samples were tested by observation of colony morphology through Gram staining, mannitol fermentation test, catalase and coagulase test, and acetoin test. The samples were inoculated on Broth NaCl (ink. 24 hour-37°C), then inoculated on MSA (ink. 24 hour-37°C), and VP (ink. 2x24 hours-37°C). Catalase and coagulase tests were carried out by taking colonies on MSA media. The results showed that there were 9 abon samples contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus as indicated by Gram positive staining results, positive (perfect) mannitol fermentation, and positive acetoin, catalase, and coagulase test. The causes of contamination are contaminated abon ingredients, the manufacturing process using less sterile tools, poor handling and processing, processing food with dirty hands, food stored without cover, sick food processors, and dirty markets
Bakpia Green beans is one of the foods that are easily contaminated with microbes. The level of contamination can be known by counting the number of microbes in the sample, one of them with Total Plate Count (TPC). This reserach objective was to determine the number of microbes in bakpia green beans with TPC 1x104 colony/gram sample examination. Accidental sampling is a sampling technique used to research, it so obtain as many as 30 samples of bakpia green beans. Total Plate Count (TPC) examination was performed by incubating of aerob at 30°C for 72 hours. The results showed were 2 samples of bakpia green beans that did not meet the standard of TPC 1x104 colony/gram samples. It is due to the processing, storage, or external environment (air) that causes contamination.
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