This study aims to present a numerical investigation of respiration influence on the particle concentration in a surgery room. Controlling the temperature and contamination in the surgery room is essential for safe and risk-free surgical procedures. Generally, in many hospital cleanrooms, utilized for operations such as open-heart surgery, organ transplantation, and neurosurgery, the reduction of pollutant particles is vital as a factor that can lead to capillary clogging during an operation. Also, reducing the concentration of large particles is very important, because dust particles may contain various pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Therefore, particle distribution and temperature control were numerically investigated in this study. At first, the particle concentration at specific zones was investigated to obtain the stability of the respiratory cycle. Then, the concentration and aggregation of particles around the patient's head were measured on different pages along the coordinate axes while patient's breathing was quite stable. Furthermore, the effect of the air conditioning system of the room on temperature distribution control by was studied in a specific area. The simulation results showed a considerable decrease in the particle concentration, but the particles were not eliminated from the room completely. Moreover, the higher temperature of the area around the patient's head caused by his breathing had little effect on room temperature, and the inlet air controlled the room temperature properly.
This research aims two major objectives: first, the influence of respiration on the particles concentration is investigated numerically in a cleanroom with a specified geometry and second, the respiration and the manner of particles diffusion are simulated. Generally, in many hospital cleanrooms such as the open-heart surgery, organ transplantation and neurosurgery rooms, reduction of the pollutant particles is important as a factor that can lead to capillary clogging during operation. In addition, the significance of reducing the concentration of large particles reveals more according to the fact that dust particles may act as a means for various pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Every bacterium has a dimension between 0.5 and 5 micrometers and the dimension of each virus is between 20 and 300 nanometers. Thus, it is evident that at least 1 bacterium and 15 viruses can fit on a 5-micrometer particle.
-The impact of flow swirl on heavy fuel oil (HFO) droplet breakup and dispersion is investigated using the finite-volume method. The numerical framework considers suitable models to predict the droplets' breakups and their dispersions affected by their interaction with turbulence. The validation of chosen models is carried out by comparing the current results with those of previous numerical studies. After validation procedure, three different flow conditions are constructed to expand the study to various swirl number influences. The aim is to investigate the interaction of HFO spraying with the crossed axial swirling flow. The results show that the droplet Sauter mean diameter decreases continuously and the spray becomes finer as the swirling flow strength increases. Dispersion of the finer spray grows up and the spray becomes wider for the stronger swirling flow conditions. Also, the focus on the droplets' concentration shows that the droplets' concentration decreases for higher swirl number flows. This reduction is mainly due to the droplets' dispersion into a larger volume of space. In other words, the spray's width becomes much wider by increasing the swirling influences. It can be concluded that the strong swirling flow can improve the combustion quality of HFO via improving the mixing process and also via controlling the flame structure. The quantifications are performed subsequently.
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