Ten promising sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genotypes; G84/47, G150/99, G103/99, G26/99, G87/98, G24/98, G217/99, G208/99, G193/99 and G28/99 as well as two check cultivars; PH 8013 and GT 54/9 were laid in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to be evaluated at Kom-Ombo Agricultural Research Station, Aswan Governorate for three different crop cycles; plant cane (PC), first ratoon (FR) and second ratoon (SR) crops during 2005/2008 seasons. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of crop cycle on sugar yield and its components, as well as its effect on broad-sense genetic and genotype by crop interaction variance components of stalk length, stalk diameter, stalk weight, stalks number and cane yield, as well as juice quality traits; Brix, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery% and sugar yield. Results indicated that stalk length of studied genotypes fluctuated among crop cycles. Stalk diameter and stalks weight decreased for all evaluated genotypes in older crops. Stalk number over the evaluated genotypes significantly increased in FR by 22.6 % and in SR by 21.6 % compared to plant cane with insignificant difference between FR and SR crops. Cane yield of the evaluated genotypes fluctuated between PC and FR crops. However, for most evaluated genotypes it decreased in SR crop. Over studied genotypes it varied from 57.02 tons in FR crop to 43.23 tons in SR crop. Brix, sucrose content, Juice purity, and sugar recovery are generally not affected by crop age. Sugar yield followed the same trends as in cane yield and varied significantly among genotypes within each crop cycle and among crop cycles from 7.49 tons in FR crop to 5.60 tons in SR crop. Genotypic variance, heritability, and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) decreased from plant cane crop to second ratoon crop for stalk weight, stalk number, cane yield, juice purity, and sugar yield, while increased slightly for stalk diameter, sucrose content, and sugar recovery. The values of GCV and heritability of stalk number and cane yield indicated that the population offered considerable potential for improvement by selection, especially in plant cane. Analysis across crops showed that heritability, and GCV estimates for stalk length, stalk diameter, stalk weight, stalk number, cane yield, and sugar yield were smaller than of individual crops for the same traits, this is because the interaction variance ( 2 gc) was the predominant determining of phenotypic variance for these traits. Little change was observed in GCV for juice quality traits. The GCV values estimated in this study suggest selection to improve a particular crop's yield component value is most effective when performed within that crop and commonly shows the most potential for improvement in the younger crops.
This research aims to determine the highest protein content and the optimum activity of the enzyme bromelain extracted from pineapple stem. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology Makassar Alauddin State Islamic University in May 2013. Variable in this study was the isolation and measurement of bromelain enzyme activity as the independent variable while the crude extract of pineapple stem by variations in pH as the dependent variable. The type of this research was experiments with bradford method for determination of protein content enzyme bromelain, with ammonium sulfate concentration variation for precipitation was 10-60%, as well as the determination of the enzyme bromelain activity at variation pH was 4.0; 5.0, 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0, at 65 0 C temperature with incubation time was 10 minutes. Each stage has done three times in repetition and analyzed spectrometry. The results showed the highest levels of protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 60% was 37,785 mg/ml. While the optimum pH of the enzyme bromelain activity at pH 6.0 was 1.021 activity units /gram.
This study was conducted to isolate the bromelain enzyme from pineapple weevil (Ananas comosus) and measure the protein and enzyme activity of bromelain with gelatin substrate. Research stage involves determining the protein content of the bromelain enzyme in the treatment of ammonium sulfate precipitation by 10-60% concentration and determination of bromelain enzyme activity at various pH 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0, with the incubation time of 10 minutes at a temperature of 650 C. Each stage performed three repetitions and analyzed using spectrometry. The results obtained showed the highest protein content in precipitation with ammonium sulfate 60% in the amount of 37.214 mg / ml and the optimum pH of bromelain enzyme activity at pH 7.0 with the value of the activity of 1,081 units / gram.
seasons to study the agro-economic effect of three nitrogen fertilization rates (60, 80 and 100 kg N/fed), three cropping systems (sugar beet sole, sugar beet + canola and sugar beet + onion) and four multi-germ sugar beet varieties (Farida, Carola, Gloria and Demapoly). The experimental design was a split-split plot in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that increased N rates, from 60 to 100 kg fed-1 and Growing sugar beet as a sole crop significantly increased root weight, root yield and sugar yield in both seasons. Sugar beet variety Carola was superior in root weight, root yield and sugar yield followed by the variety Farida in both seasons. The main effects of nitrogen, cropping systems and varieties had no significant effect on root quality traits in terms of total soluble solids%, sucrose%, purity% and extractable sucrose% during the two seasons. The highest significant values of mean root weight (1.019 and 1.109 kg), root number (28.69 and 28.21 thousand plants/fed), root yield (29.35 and 31.47 ton/fed) and sugar yield (3.72 and 3.75 ton/fed) resulted from fertilized sugar beet sole plants with 100 kg N/feddan in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. Irrespective of cropping systems, fertilized sugar beet varieties Farida and Carola plants with 100 kg N/ feddan gave the highest mean values of root weight, root yield and sugar yield during the two seasons. The interaction of cropping systems x varieties had a significant effect on mean root weight, root number, root yield and sugar yield during the two seasons. Among the tested varieties, sole planting of Carola had maximum beet root weight (0.953 and 1.043 kg), beet root yield (28.65 and 31.07 ton/fed) and sugar yield (3.69 and 3.74 ton/fed.) in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively, followed by Farida when planted as a sole crop. The highest and significant root and sugar yields were obtained from the sugar beet variety Carola when planted as a sole crop and fertilized with 100 kg N/feddan during the two seasons. It was observed that irrespective of sugar beet varieties and cropping systems, the highest cost of production and gross revenue were recorded when plants received 100 kg N/feddan. The cost of sugar beet (sole) production was LE. 5350 fed-1 against the production costs of LE. 5650 and 6950 fed-1 when sugar beet was intercropped with canola and onion, respectively. The highest gross revenue (19002 and 17650 LE/fed) resulted from intercropping sugar beet varieties Carola and Gloria, respectively with onion under 100 kg N/feddan. The maximum net returns was obtained under combination of sugar beet variety Carola + onion (12052 LE/ fed), followed by sugar beet variety Gloria + onion (10700 LE/fed) when plants fertilized with 100 kg N/feddan. The maximum cost benefit ratios of 1.73 and 1.54 were Masri, M.I. and S.A. Safina 1662 obtained with nitrogen rate of 100 kg/feddan under combination of sugar beet variety Carola + onion and sugar beet variety Gloria + onion, respectively. The results showed that...
An experiment was conducted at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate, to evaluate the yield and ratooning ability of 30 sugar cane genotypes (clones) along with the check cultivar GT 54/9 during three different crop cycles; plant cane (PC), first ratoon (FR), and second ratoon (SR) crops during 2011/2013 harvesting seasons. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. Results indicated that the evaluated genotypes varied significantly (P = 0.05) within and among crop cycles for stalk length, stalk diameter, stalk density, stalk weight, stalks number, cane yield, Brix, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery, and sugar yield. The evaluated genotypes differed significantly in their ratooning ability (RA) for all studied traits. Over evaluated genotypes, means of stalk diameter, stalk weight, stalk density and cane yield in plant cane were higher than those in the first and second ratoon crops, while means of Brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages in the second ratoon were higher than those in plant cane and first ratoon crops. The relative influence of genotypic variance ( 2 g) in determining the phenotypic variance was primary to genotype by crop interaction variance ( 2 gc) and error variance ( 2 e) for all studied traits. Broad sense heritability (H%) estimates were high for cane yield and its components as well as sugar yield, since it ranged from 82.53 for cane yield to 95.06 for stalk length. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimates were for stalk weight (27.01), stalk density (39.36) and stalk number (32.57), while low estimates were for stalk length and juice quality traits (2.05 ≤ GCV% ≥ 7.99). Genotypic variance ( 2 g) was primary to error variance ( 2 e) for RA of cane yield and its components as well as sugar yield and juice quality traits. The highest heritability estimates of RA were for stalk weight (98.10%), stalk density (98.24%), stalk number (99.46%) and sugar yield with high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimates for the same traits (22.78, 32.26, 36.41 and 27.26, respectively).
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