The distribution ratios, D,of potassium between an aqueous KCl solution and 57 organic solvents (8 alcohols, 12 ketones, 6 esters, 3 ethers, and 28 hydrocarbons(24 halo- and 2 nitro-substituted and 2 unsubstituted)) were determined in the presence or in the absence of L. The presence of L markedly enhances the extractability of potassium when the halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are used, but only a slight enhancement can be observed for the oxygen-containing solvents. Among the properties showing good correlations with D, Hansen’s three-dimensional solubility parameters and Dimroth’s ET values are most satisfactory for their applicability to a wide variety of solvents.
The number of water molecules attached to alkaline earth metal cations (M2+: Ca2+,Sr2+, and Ba2+), some crown ethers (L), and the 1:1 metal-crown complexes (ML2+) extracted into nitrobenzene with hexanitrodiphenylamine was determined by the Karl-Fischer method. Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ have 13.0, 12.1, and 10.5 water molecules in nitrobenzene respectively, and 6 to 8 water molecules are released on complexation with the crown ethers.
By using living cyanobacterial electrode as a working electrode, hydrogen production was performed through water-biophotolysis with two-stage, three-electrode apparatus. Electrically reduced methyl viologen in the cathode vessel worked as a substrate of hydrogenase to evolve hydrogen gas in the presence of both phenazine methosulfate and NADH under concomitant supply of electric current.
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