The Extractability of Potassium as Picrates (KPic and K(L)Pic, L: 18-Crown-6) and Its Relationship to the Properties of the Solvents

Abstract

The distribution ratios, D,of potassium between an aqueous KCl solution and 57 organic solvents (8 alcohols, 12 ketones, 6 esters, 3 ethers, and 28 hydrocarbons(24 halo- and 2 nitro-substituted and 2 unsubstituted)) were determined in the presence or in the absence of L. The presence of L markedly enhances the extractability of potassium when the halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are used, but only a slight enhancement can be observed for the oxygen-containing solvents. Among the properties showing good correlations with D, Hansen’s three-dimensional solubility parameters and Dimroth’s ET values are most satisfactory for their applicability to a wide variety of solvents.

Ion-Association Reagents A Review

“…For instance, polyvinylsulfate (18) (17) and polyvinylsulfate (18) are constantly positive and negative, respectively, between pH 0 and 14. They are used as titrants for the colloid titration which will be discussed later.…”

“…41 Polyanions, chondroitinsulfate, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate, carrageenan, ligninesulfonate etc. are back-titrated by a standard polyvinylsulfate solution after the addition of excess PDADMA (17).…”

“…On the other hand, PDADMA (17), polymer type cation, reacts with 3-(2-hydroxy-3-carboxyanilide-lazonaphthalene)-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, plane type anion, to show color change from red-violet to blue.43 This is also metachromasy.…”

An Approximation Method for Determining Key Extraction Constants in the Equilibrium-Analysis of Cd(II) Extraction with 18-Crown-6 Ether into Some Diluents

“…Simplification of the convoluted procedures [3,4,10,12-17] for the M(II) extraction systems, compared with the procedures [1][2][3]5,6,8,9,11] for the monovalent-metal extraction ones, must stimulate an estimate of L functions by many workers. Unfortunately, there are still complicated treatments for the evaluation of equilibrium concentrations, such as…”

“…There are many studies for the metal extraction by crown compounds (L) and other extractants similar to L into various diluents, such as benzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and NB [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In these studies, procedures of equilibrium analyses have become more difficult for primary users or outsiders of the field year by year.…”