Purpose To investigate the relationship between the background of preoperative cataract patients and bacterial conjunctival flora. Methods A total of 990 cataract patients who had completed preoperative examinations in 2007 and 2008 were included. Patients using topical antibiotics at the preoperative examination or having a history of intraocular surgery were excluded. Conjunctival cultures had been preoperatively obtained. Patient characteristics were investigated via medical records. Risk factors for conjunctival flora of seven typical bacteria were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The detection rate of alphahemolytic streptococci and Enterococcus faecalis increased with age (P = 0.044 and P = 0.002, respectively). The detection rate of Gram-negative bacilli was higher among patients with oral steroid use or lacrimal duct obstruction (P = 0.038 and P = 0.002, respectively). The detection rate of Corynebacterium species was higher among older patients and men, and lower among patients with glaucoma eye drop use (Po0.001, P = 0.012 and P = 0.001, respectively). The detection rate of methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci was higher among men and lower among patients with a surgical history in other departments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.046, respectively). The detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MR-CNS) was higher among patients with oral steroid use, a visit history to ophthalmic facilities, or a surgical history in other departments (P = 0.002, P = 0.037 and Po0.001, respectively). Conclusions Elderly patients, men, patients with lacrimal duct obstruction or immunosuppressed patients are more likely to be colonized by pathogens that cause postoperative endophthalmitis. Moreover, MR-CNS colonization was associated with healthcare-associated infection.

Aim-To analyse the role of stimulation in vitro of lymphocytes on the augmentation of experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (EC, formerly EAC) in Lewis rats induced by adoptive transfer. Methods-Two weeks after immunisation with ovalbumin (OVA), rat draining lymph nodes were collected and 50 × 10 6 cells were injected into naive syngeneic recipients either directly or after culture in vitro with OVA, concanavalin A (Con A), or purified protein derivative (PPD) for 3 days. Four days after injection the rats were topically challenged with OVA. 24 hours later, they were sacrificed and eyes and spleens were harvested for histology and proliferation assay. In some experiments, naive recipient rats were irradiated with 7 Gy ray before transfer. The expression of adhesion molecules and cytokine profile of OVA primed lymph node cells were also investigated. Results-Both

To our knowledge, this is the first report of the concentrations of different species of PAF (C18:0-PAF, C18:0-lyso-PAF, C16:0-PAF, and C16:0-lyso-PAF) in human tears.

No abstract

For ophthalmic perioperative disinfection, the LVFX 1.5% ophthalmic solution showed a good safety profile, and critical eradication of gram-positive cocci, including the fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.