Accurately evaluating the tempo and magnitude of prehistoric eruptions is essential for hazard assessments. Here we demonstrate the importance of integrating records from locations close to the volcano with those in distal regions to generate more comprehensive event stratigraphies. The annually laminated (varved) and intensely radiocarbon dated lacustrine sediments of Lake Suigetsu (SG06 core), Japan are used to place chronological constraints on the tempo of volcanism at two stratovolcanoes located favourably upwind of the lake along the SouthWest Japan Arc, Sambe and Daisen. Major and trace element glass compositions are used to assign visible ash (tephra) layers preserved in the SG06 sediment core to past explosive eruptions from these volcanoes. Integrating these stratigraphies confirm that the ~150 ka long lake sequence records nine visible ash layers from Daisen and five from Sambe. The SG06 record captures two periods of closely spaced eruptions at Daisen volcano. The first period begins at ~61.9 ka with three explosive eruptions over ~10 ka, with two events separated by as little as 1.5 ka. One layer (SG06-4281), dated at 59.6 ± 5.4 ka (95.4% probability), relates to the large magnitude, and widely dispersed Daisen Kurayoshi Pumice (DKP) eruption. The other period of frequent activity began at 29,837 ± 96 IntCal13 yrs BP (95.4% probability) with five widely dispersed ash fall events associated with explosive eruptions separated by approximately 6, 936, 5 and 438 years. The integrated proximal-distal event stratigraphy and the high-precision SG06 chronology provide unique insights into the timing and frequency of past explosive volcanism from Daisen and Sambe, which has implications for the prediction of future eruption scenarios.
Background: It is not clear what kind of drug is appropriate to heal forNSAIDs-induced enteropathy. Several reports showed the preventive effect of prostaglandin analogue or inducer using healthy subjects who took NSAIDs. However there was no report for healing effect and for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of rebamipide in patients with NSAIDs-induced enteropathy.In addition, we evaluated for nutritional parameter. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Study protocol was approved by each hospital's ethical committees. Patients with LDA and/or NSAID more than 3 month were enrolled.Patients with enteropathy were divided into the placebo and the rebamipide groups.Rebamipide 100mg three times daily was administered during 4 weeks. Capsule endoscopies were performed at 0 and 4 week. The number of small intestinal ulcer and erosion were evaluated. Total protein was analyzed as nutritional parameters.
Manganese silicide is a candidate for low-cost thermoelectric materials with low-environmental load. MnSi 1.73 compound was studied as a thermoelectric material available for thermoelectric power generation using waste heat. Manganese and silicon powders were mechanically alloyed under three different conditions (at 200 r.p.m. for 36 ks, at 400 r.p.m. for 3.6 ks and at 400 r.p.m. for 36 ks) with planetary ball milling equipment. Then, the mechanically alloyed powder was consolidated by a pulse discharge sintering process. Phases of MnSi 1.73 (primary phase) and MnSi were synthesized by mechanical alloying and pulse discharge sintering. Thermoelectric properties were dependent on the mechanical alloying condition. The sample mechanically alloyed at 400 r.p.m. for 3.6 ks gave the best thermoelectric performance. The maximum dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 0.47 was achieved at 873 K.
A methodology for forecasting the sales of an ethical drug as a function of marketing effort before any sales data are available and for updating the forecast with a few periods of sales data is presented. Physicians' perceptions of the drug on a number of attributes, e.g. effectiveness, range of ailments for which appropriate, frequency of prescriptions, are used to estimate the parameters of a model originally proposed by Lilien, Rao and Kalish (Lilien, G. L., A. G. Rao, S. Kalish. 1981. Bayesian estimation and control of detailing effort in a repeat purchase diffusion environment. Management Sci. 27(May) 493--506.). This model conceptualizes the drug adoption process as a repeat purchase diffusion model; sales are expressed as a function of a drug's own and competitive marketing efforts and of word of mouth. The model is first validated in this paper via predictive testing on 19 drugs prescribed by three types of physicians. The forecasting methodology is illustrated using physicians' perceptions on these drugs. Forecasts obtained without any sales data, and updated forecasts using seven periods of sales data are presented, and are encouraging.marketing, buyer behavior, new products, forecasting applications
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