Nineteen per cent of synchronous cancers were not detected until the initial ESD. The incidence rate of metachronous cancer after ESD was constant. Scheduled endoscopic surveillance showed that almost all recurrent lesions were treatable by endoscopic resection.

Esophageal ESD has become feasible with acceptable complication risks and favorable long term outcomes.

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Deficiency of ICC might be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy in humans.

The mutation at exons 17 or 13 was considered to be very rare in sporadic GIST.

We demonstrated disturbed gastrointestinal motility in db/db mice with reduced areas of ICC and expression of SCF. Our results suggest the involvement of ICC in the gastroenteropathy of type 2 DM.

EUS-FNAB against SMTs was useful for the differential diagnosis of SMT and the analysis of c-kit mutation. The c-kit mutation might not be one of the predictable markers for rapid tumour growth.