Using the half clamping technique of the IVC, intra-operative CVP was maintained below 3 mmHg without any side effects, and the low CVP significantly reduced the bleeding from hepatic veins during a major hepatectomy.

Background: It is not known whether thromboxane A 2 impairs adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K ؉ channel function via

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of emergency or complication during sedation and change of attitude toward sedation by simulation-based sedation training course (SEDTC) hosted by the Japanese Association of Medical Simulation. We used a questionnaire survey to non-anesthesiologists who participated in the 1st to 13th SEDTCs from 2011 to 2012. Survey contents included emergencies or complications during sedation and impressions of the Sedation and Analgesia guidelines for non-anesthesia doctors developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Of 84 non-anesthesiologists, 81 have encountered patient respiratory suppression. More than 70% non-anesthesiologists have encountered patient respiratory arrest. All non-anesthesiologists have encountered patient cardiac suppression; 20-30% of non-anesthesiologists have encountered patient anaphylaxis, asthma attack, and cardiac arrest; and all non-anesthesiologists have encountered patient vomiting and about 80% aspiration. Non-anesthesiologists largely accepted the guidelines. SEDTC attendance improved significantly 13 points of 18 important suggestions. As non-anesthesiologists experience several complications during sedation, SEDTC may be useful for the improvement of their attitude toward the safety management of sedation.

Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol ameliorate neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilation impaired by high glucose in the cerebral parenchymal arterioles via the effect on superoxide levels. Propofol may be protective against cerebral microvascular malfunction resulting from oxidative stress by acute hyperglycemia.

The present study examined the modulator role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway activated by the ␣-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine in ATP-sensitive K ϩ channel function in intact vascular smooth muscle. We evaluated the ATP-sensitive K ϩ channel function and the activity of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the rat thoracic aorta without endothelium. The PI3K inhibitor 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) (10 Ϫ5 M) augmented relaxation in response to the ATPsensitive K ϩ channel opener levcromakalim (10 Ϫ8 to 3 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 M) in aortic rings contracted with phenylephrine (3 ϫ 10 Ϫ7 M) but not with 9,11-dideoxy-11␣,9␣-epoxy-methanoprostaglandin F 2␣ (U46619; 3 ϫ 10 Ϫ8 M), although those agents induced similar contraction. ATP-sensitive K ϩ channel currents induced by levcromakalim (10 Ϫ6 M) in the presence of phenylephrine (3 ϫ 10 Ϫ7 M) were enhanced by the nonselective ␣-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (10 Ϫ7