The partial sequence of the capillovirus potato virus T (PVT) RNA containing the 3•OE-terminal 2392 nucleotides, excluding the poly (A) tail, was determined from cloned cDNA.
Several network features and information retrieval methods have been proposed to elucidate the structure of citation networks and to detect important nodes. However, it is difficult to retrieve information related to trends in an academic field and to detect cutting-edge areas from the citation network. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that detects the trend as the growth direction of a citation network using network representation learning(NRL). We presume that the linear growth of citation network in latent space obtained by NRL is the result of the iterative edge additional process of a citation network. On APS datasets and papers of some domains of the Web of Science, we confirm the existence of trends by observing that an academic field grows in a specific direction linearly in latent space. Next, we calculate each node’s degree of trend-following as an indicator called the intrinsic publication year (IPY). As a result, there is a correlation between the indicator and the number of future citations. Furthermore, a word frequently used in the abstracts of cutting-edge papers (high-IPY paper) is likely to be used often in future publications. These results confirm the validity of the detected trend for predicting citation network growth.
The use of long-shaft scissors allows laborers to harvest spears in a standing posture for maintaining mother stem cultivation of asparagus. Typically, it is time-consuming and fatiguing work for laborers to find and harvest spears that emerge near the mother stems, because asparagus spears are often hidden by lateral branches of mother stems. We studied the training of asparagus branches to improve the visibility of young spears that emerge from ridges; training allows a continuous standing posture during harvest with long-shaft scissors. Firstly, the effects of branch training using strings or nets on the yield and quality of asparagus spears were investigated. We found that the yield and quality were similar, irrespective of branch training methods. Secondly, the effect of branch training on harvest work efficiency and bending of the upper body of laborers who used long-shaft scissors was evaluated. No difference was found in harvest work efficiency among the branch training methods. It was, however, observed that the bending angle of the upper bodies was decreased in laborers in their 50s or 60s when branch training with strings or nets was applied as compared to the control. Visibility of the spears was improved by training with strings or nets for laborers in their 30s, 50s, and 60s. Additionally, we compared the working efficiency of training branches with strings and nets, and found that training with strings permits reduction of the working time (21% of the work time on training with nets).
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