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Multipurpose chemical. The diazirine‐carrying GTP analogue shown in the scheme can be used for various purposes, such as, carbene‐mediated cross‐linking, tagging, and affinity isolation. Using this GTP analogue, we have developed a simple and efficient photoaffinity method that can be employed in proteomic analysis of GTP‐binding proteins.

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A novel application of the photoaffinity technique has been developed for the efficient discovery of small ligand and macromolecule interaction. The approach, photoaffinity capture, uses a photoreactive protein together with immobilized ligand for the rapid screening of competitive inhibitors. The set of photoreactive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (photo-GAPDH) and immobilized dye ligand was prepared and examined as a model system. The photo-GAPDH was shown to efficiently capture the immobilized ligand. When nonimmobilized competitive ligands were included in the system, the capture was prevented in accordance with the affinity of the ligands. The present approach would provide an efficient tool for affinity-based screening of ligand libraries.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a readily preparable n-type semiconducting material with excellent electron transport properties and good transparency. It was recently reported that low-temperature sol-gel processes for the preparation of...

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The aim of this study was to analyze international and different national institutions that manage the provision of humanitarian activities in emergencies. The terminology and characteristics of the emergency management structure in Russia and CIS countries were studied. The World Health Organization Division of Emergency Humanitarian Action (WHO/EHA), the main international body that specified priorities, defined mechanisms for determination of their level of international management and their development in different regions through the system of regional divisions and network of collaborating centres. Priorities were determined to develop the system of international interaction and partnership. Specific management mechanisms are defined by: 1) The level of preparedness of a country/region; 2) The degree of control by the Public Health Ministry; 3) The development of relations between international humanitarian organizations; 4) Sufficient financing; 5) Coordination status of all the institutions of humanitarian medical relief provision in emergencies; and 6) The specific nature of the emergency in a country/region. Coordination mechanisms in the management of the WHO/EHA that touched upon horizontal links of division and its relations with collaborating centres were considered. Thus, in general, the management of an emergency system coordinating process under W H O auspices reflects the policy and the strategy of emergency activities. 1) Development of proposals, programs, and plans of interstate policy in the field of Disaster Medicine; 2) Coordination and control over the system of interaction and mutual assistance of Disaster Medicine Services of CIS countries in emergency situations; 3) Coordination of the work of ministries, departments, institutions, and organizations on the fulfillment of the "Program of coordination of actions on emergency prevention and health relief operations in the territory of CIS countries" and the "Plan of interaction and mutual assistance of Disaster Medicine Services of CIS countries in emergencies.

Photochemical mapping of nucleophiles in close proximity to the active site Cys149 of rabbit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was demonstrated based on the nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution reaction using two regioisomers of alkoxy-fluoro-nitro-substituted benzenes. Two photophores were covalently attached to the active site SH group of GAPDH and the protein was subjected to photolysis then to the cyanogen bromide cleavage reaction. The advantage of this method is the capability to chase labeled products by monitoring absorption at 380 nm because of the chromogenic property of photophore. HPLC separation identified a large labeled peptide fragment that was further digested by V8 protease for Edman sequence analysis. From the recent X-ray crystallography of rabbit GAPDH, Tyr311, His176, Ser238 and Lys183 are closely located to catalytic Cys149. Among these nucleophiles, Tyr311 was preferentially labeled with 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy photophore and no label was identified with the isomeric 4-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy photophore. The result clearly reflects the distance between Cys149 and nucleophiles to distinguish the nearest Tyr311. As photophores show great reactivity even with water under neutral conditions, the distance between nucleophiles and photophores is important for photoinduced nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The method will provide a useful technique to survey nucleophiles within the catalytic domain.