A synthesis process of spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanomaterials was investigated using Li + -exchanged titanate nanotubes obtained via hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent reflux treatment. The substituted amount of Li + ions can be controlled by the temperature and time during the reflux treatment in a LiOH aqueous solution, which is the key for the synthesis of single-phase LTO. The rate capability of nanosized LTO as an active material for Li-ion batteries is significantly higher than that of microsized LTO obtained via conventional solid-state synthesis. By changing the intercalated ions during the reflux treatment, this synthesis process can also be applied to the synthesis of other titanate nanomaterials, which are promising active materials for future battery systems.
Perlite is a volcanic glass composed mainly of amorphous aluminum silicate that has SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 with fewer impurities such as heavy metals as its main components. Amorphous (glassy) perlite with physical properties such as lightweight and excellent heat resistance, fire resistance, chemical resistance and heat-insulating properties is used in lightweight aggregates and insulation. It has also been used as a filter aid after grinding foamed perlite. It has not been used as an environmental cleanup materials, however, because the ion-exchange capacity of perlite is very low. In this study, we tried to synthesize a hybrid filter aid with a chemical adsorption capability by synthesizing zeolite on the surface of the perlite to enhance its filtering abilities. Observation of scanning electron microscope images was conducted to confirm the generation of Linde Type A (LTA-type) zeolites on the surface of the perlite. LTA-type zeolites were found to be precipitated on the surface of perlite from the transmission electron microscope observation results.
Ashes and harmful gasses from volcanoes lead to the air pollution and severe problems for health damage and agriculture. In special, volcanoes more than 50 in Japan are volcanically active and often product a large amount of volcanic ashes. The recycle for waste of volcanic ashes pose a severe problem to the lives of residents near the volcano. The volcanic ashes are composed mostly of SiO 2. In this study the syntheses of zeolite from the waste of volcanic ash including SiO 2 were attempted through the hydrothermal solution process. The relation between the process of hydrothermal solution process and microstructure of obtained zeolites was investigated and also ion exchange ability against Sr ion was evaluated.
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