Oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion acute renal failure (IR-ARF) was noninvasively evaluated with in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging. Female ICR mice underwent left nephrectomy and 30-min ischemia-reperfusion of the right kidney. Oxidative stress was evaluated as organ reducing activity with the half-lives of the spin probe 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (carbamoyl-PROXYL) using 1) conventional L-band EPR, which showed organ-reducing activity in the whole abdominal area; and 2) EPR imaging, which showed semiquantitative but organ-specific reducing activity. The results were compared with the reducing activity of organ homogenate and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) concentrations. Half-lives of carbamoyl-PROXYL in the whole upper abdominal area, measured by L-band EPR, were prolonged on day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion and recovered to the level of nontreated mice on day 7. This trend resembled closely that of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentration. The EPR imaging-measured carbamoyl-PROXYL half-life was also prolonged on day 3 in both the kidney and the liver. However, in the kidney this showed only partial recovery on day 7. In the liver, this convalescence was more remarkable. The ex vivo studies of organ reducing activity and PC-OOH agreed with the results from EPRI, but not with those from L-band EPR. These results indicate that renal reducing activity shows only partial recovery on day 7 after ischemia-reperfusion, when serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen have recovered. EPR imaging is an appropriate and useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of oxidative stress in the presence of renal injury.

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This study was performed to investigate the effect of temporary sealing with cement on the tensile bond strength of resin luting cement to tooth substrate. Five temporary cements and five resin luting cements were used.Six hundred bovine incisor teeth were randomly divided between each group. Effect of temporary sealing on the tensile bond strength of resin luting cement varied in accordance with the temporary cement used.Temporary sealing with both the eugenol-containing and the eugenol-free temporary cements decreased the tensile bond strength of resin luting cement. The tensile bond strength with one of the resin luting cements was most stable on both enamel and dentin pretreated with all temporary cements tested.

See an invited perspective on this article on page 781.Diastolic dysfunction is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Sympathetic nervous hyperactivity may contribute to the development of diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between myocardial sympathetic innervation quantified by 11 C-hydroxyephedrine PET and diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF patients. Methods: Forty-one HFpEF patients having an echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or greater and 12 age-matched volunteers without heart failure underwent the echocardiographic examination and 11 C-hydroxyephedrine PET. Diastolic dysfunction was classified into grades 0-3 by Doppler echocardiography. Myocardial sympathetic innervation was quantified using the 11 C-hydroxyephedrine retention index (RI). The coefficient of variation of 17-segment RIs was derived as a measure of heterogeneity in myocardial 11 C-hydroxyephedrine uptake. Results: Grade 2-3 diastolic dysfunction (DD 2-3 ) was found in 19 HFpEF patients (46%). They had a significantly lower global RI (0.075 6 0.018 min 21 ) than volunteers (0.123 6 0.028 min 21 , P , 0.001) and HFpEF patients with grade 0-1 diastolic dysfunction (DD 0-1 ) (0.092 6 0.024 min 21 , P 5 0.046). HFpEF patients with DD 2-3 had the largest coefficient of variation of 17-segment RIs of the 3 groups (18.4% 6 7.7% vs. 14.1% 6 4.7% in HFpEF patients with DD 0-1 , P 5 0.042 for post hoc tests). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a lower global RI (odds ratio, 0.66 per 0.01 min 21 ; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.99; P 5 0.044) was independently associated with the presence of DD 2-3 in HFpEF patients. Conclusion: Myocardial sympathetic innervation was impaired in HFpEF patients and was associated with the presence of advanced diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF.

• Delayed contrast-enhanced CT (DE-CT) can be applied to patients with implantable devices. • DE-CT can detect cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) lesions similarly to cardiac MRI. • DE-CT shows high sensitivity for detecting CS. • DE-CT may be useful particularly in patients with contraindications to cardiac MRI.

Nitrous oxide activates the CRF system in the brain, which results in stimulation of noradrenergic neurons in the locus ceruleus and its consequent antinociceptive effect.

Coronary revascularisation ameliorated reduced CFR in patients with obstructive CAD. The degree of improvement in angiographic CAD burden by revascularisation was correlated with magnitude of improvement in CFR.

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