To prevent "life style-related diseases", it is necessary to evaluate not only the factors directly related to sleep but also the relationship between sleep and other life style-related factors (such as smoking, alcohol drinking, food habits, and exercise routines). There have b e e n n o e x t e n si v e st ud i e s c o n d u c t e d o n t h e s e relationships. A survey was conducted on 2,000 employees of a large plant over a 6-year period to provide data that would allow one to analyze correlation between hours of sleep and other life style factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habit, and exercise. It focused on a serial evaluation, with special reference to the correlation between sleep and smoking and drinking habits, exercise, and food habits. In relation to smoking or an alcohol drinking habit, no significant correlation was found between those who did not get enough sleep and those who got adequate sleep. For the dietary habits, the group with insufficient hours of sleep was related to a less than satisfactory frequency of meal taking, irregularity of eating, snacking habits, excessive seasoning of food, and consumption of insufficient quantities of vegetables. Conversely, it was recognized that those who have satisfactory food habits are more likely to enjoy an appropriate amount of sleep. Those who fail to get sufficient sleep engage in food habits that are more likely to cause life style-related diseases. J Physiol A n t h r o p o l 2 1 ( 2 ) : 1 1 5 -1 2 0 , 2 0 0 2 h t t p : / / www.jstage.jst.go.jp/en/
In part 1 of this epidemiological study, a survey was conducted for all senior citizens aged 70 and over who resided in a mountainous village in the mid-section of Hyogo Prefecture. It focused on the relationship among the number of existing teeth, life environment, health status, and activities of daily living; and the correlation between oral status and QOL was analyzed. The daily activities of individuals were compared between those having one or more teeth and others who were totally edentulous. Subsequently, it was found that fo r bo th m ales a nd fem ales, the odds r ati o was significantly high for the dentulous individuals, in comparison with edentulous individuals, to exhibit a behavior indicative of a better QOL (such as "opportunity for conversation with family members or others)", "regular physical activities", and "attend meetings or group outings"). The result of this survey indicates that the presence of teeth is very closely related to one's daily activities. It was concluded that preventing tooth loss is vital for maintaining the masticatory function; so to prevent tooth loss, periodontal disease must be averted.
Oral health in early-and mid-adulthood is essential for the improvement of one's QOL, this study was investigated to include an epidemiological analysis of the relationship between tooth loss and life style, such as smoking, regular exercise, and the food habits of approximately 2,000 employees. Compared with the group with mild or no periodontal disease (CPI of 0, 1, or 2), the frequency of tooth loss in the group with advanced periodontal disease (CPI of 4) was 2.00 times (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence limit, 1.37 to 2.93). The probability of tooth loss showed statistical significance in relation to smoking, alcohol drinking, and frequency of meals. Compared with non-smokers, the probability that current smokers will lose teeth is 1.53 times greater (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence limit, 1.20 to 1.96). It was concluded that periodontal disease and smoking must be averted for preventing tooth loss.
Abstract. Several epidemiologic studies have shown the association between total leukocyte count and the risk of developing myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in 1,384 Japanese factory workers. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in current smokers than in non-smokers. Among current smokers, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the duration of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Being independent of smoking habit, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were also related to several characteristics recorded at the physical examinations. The total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and hematocrit levels, and inversely associated with the serum HDL-cholesterol level. No significant associations of the total leukocyte or neutrophil counts were found with the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level. These results suggest that the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts may represent the metabolic condition with a high coronary risk among apparently healthy people.
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