In the present study, aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) was used for the diagnosis of peripheral nodular lesions in the lung (PNLL), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) was carried out on the material collected to evaluate it in comparison with the conventional method (CM). The subjects comprised 130 cases that underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided ABC for PNLL. A total of 73 cases received a tumor resection, with a diagnosis based on the pathology, while 57 cases were followed up, as the tumor showed no change on the radiological examinations. Biopsy samples from these patients and lavage fluid from the aspiration needles were used for analysis. Cellular material was obtained by centrifugation of the lavage fluid, and samples were prepared by two methods, direct smearing and LBC according to the ThinPrep method. The samples were categorized into three diagnoses: i) Benign, ii) suspicion of malignancy and iii) malignant. Appropriate samples were collected in 72% of cases by LBC, but only in 36% of cases by the CM. There was no marked difference in cellular images between the two methods, with the exception of a few specific cases. LBC on its own provided sensitivity at 68%, specificity at 61% and accuracy at 65%, while a combination of LBC and biopsy markedly improved these figures to 94, 81 and 84%, respectively. The introduction of LBC is considered useful for the cytopathological diagnosis of PNLL by CT-guided ABC. LBC enables the examination of appropriate samples rich in cellular components and supports a biopsy-based diagnosis. A combination of these two methods provides even higher diagnostic accuracy, and LBC is considered an excellent method to evaluate these pathological samples.

Recently, antibody-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade has become a major research focus, and a number of clinical studies on this new treatment have been started in the field of clinical oncology. This retrospective study investigated the role of KRAS gene mutations and clinical features for possibilities for new therapies in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). We investigated the role of KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF gene mutations and clinical features for possibilities for new therapies in patients with CUP. Nine patients with metastases from an unknown primary tumor were included in this retrospective study. The KRAS, BRAF and PI3KCA mutational analyses were carried out by means of PCR using genomic DNA for each PCR reaction. The mutation rate in CUP for codon 12 or 13 of the KRAS gene and for PIK3CA was lower than that in colorectal cancer, while the same mutation rate for BRAF was almost the same in the two; this means that the EGFR antibodies can possibly treat CUP.

The J′ dependencies of energy and line width of the 23 Na 39 K B 1 Π(V′ ) 30-43, J′) r X 1 Σ + (V′′ ) 2, J′′) transitions are measured up to the breaking-off points, where NaK dissociates to the Na(3s 2 S 1/2 ) + K(4p 2 P 3/2 ) atoms. Line broadenings are observed for transitions to the B 1 Π(V′ ) 30, J′ g 42), (V′ ) 31, J′ g 35), (V′ ) 32, J′ g 27), (V′ ) 33, J′ g 14), and (V′ g 34, all J′) levels, and are attributed to the predissociation via the c 3 Σ + state to the Na(3s 2 S 1/2 ) + K(4p 2 P 1/2 ) atoms. The (V′, J′) dependence of the predissociation threshold is attributed to the potential barrier due to rotation. Below and near the threshold, a series of the perturbation centers which converge to the predissociation threshold is observed for each V′, and the perturbing state is identified as the c 3 Σ + state. Rotational perturbations are observed also above the predissociation threshold, and the perturbing state is identified as the b 3 Π 1 state. The line widths are observed to change drastically around the maximum perturbation, and this is identified as originating from the interference effect which arises because both the B 1 Π and b 3 Π 1 states interact with the dissociative continuum of the c 3 Σ + state. In the transitions to levels near the breaking-off points of the B 1 Π(V′ g 37), the line splittings into two lines are observed for each J′. This splitting is identified as originating from the S-uncoupling interaction between the B 1 Π and b 3 Π states at a long internuclear distance. Similar line splittings are observed for the B 1 Π(V′ ) 30, all J′) levels, but are not observed for V′ ) 31-36. An accidental coincidence of the level energies of the B 1 Π(V′ ) 30) and b 3 Π(V) levels is presumed, and the origin of the line splitting is identified as the S-uncoupling interaction. This is confirmed by the analysis of the hyperfine structures observed for the split lines.

The effect of chronic inflammation on the turnover of the gingival epithelium of the mouse was autoradiographically studied, using the H3-thymidine. Inflammation was artifically induced by applying croton oil to the site.No differrnce was observed in the migration pattern of the gingival epithelial cell, the cell migration being passive and being almost identical to that in normal. In epithelial attachement, the cell migration was observed from the stratum germinativum toward enamel, margin and/or stratum corneum through the complicated horizontal, vertical and diagonal direction.