Background: The optimal regimen for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of locally advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was not definitive. We conducted randomized phase II study, NJLCG0601, and chemoradiotherapy with uracil/tegafur (UFT) and cisplatin achieved promising efficacy without severe toxicities. Here, we evaluated between this regimen and pemetrexed plus cisplatin in chemoradiotherapy for stage III non-squamous NSCLC.Methods: Patients with inoperable stage III non-squamous NSCLC were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to UFT 400 mg/m 2 on days 1-14 and 29-42, and cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 on days 8 and 36 (UP), or cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 and pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 on days 1, 22, and 43 (PP). Involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) underwent from day 1 to a total dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions. Consolidation chemotherapy after CCRT was prohibited for this study. The primary endpoint was defined as 2-year overall survival (OS). This trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000003948). Results: From November 2010 to June 2017, 86 patients were entered from 11 institutions. Median followup was 54 months. Of the 85 eligible patients, the 2-year OS rate was 78.6% (95% CI, 62.8-88.3%) in UP and 85.5% (95% CI, 70.5-93.2%) in PP. Median PFS and OS was 12.3 and 64.2 months in UP, 26.2 months and not reached in PP, respectively. Grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia was more frequent in the UP group (14.0% vs. 2.0%).
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