Nano-structure Fe2O3, CuO and La2O3 components were prepared by micro-emulsion method and then Fe/Cu/La/SiO2 nano-structure catalyst was prepared by mixing and re-slurring the mixture by tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The catalyst composition was designated in term of the atomic ration as: 100Fe/5.64Cu/0.1La/19Si. Structural characterization of nano-structured Fe2O3, CuO and La2O3 components was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction, Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) techniques. Particle size for obtained components was about 20, 21.6 and 12.6 nm for Fe2O3, CuO and La2O3 respectively determined by using XRD pattern (Scherrer equation) and TEM images. Catalytic activity and product selectivity were conducted in a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor and compared with conventional iron catalyst. The results reveal that reducing particle size of catalyst increased the catalyst performance. Also, olefin/paraffin ratios decreased in comparison with conventional catalyst.

Micro- and nano-sized metal, semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and simple or complex ceramic particles have numerous applications in the development of sensors, thermal barrier coatings, catalysts, pigments, drugs, etc. The challenges include controlling the particle size, size distribution, particle crystallinity, morphology and shape, being able to use the nanoparticles for a given purpose, and to produce them from a variety of precursors. There are several methods to produce nanoparticles, each suitable for a range of applications. In this article, two methods that are receiving increasing attention are considered: spray and microemulsion methods. Spray techniques are single-step methods of producing a broad spectrum of simple to multicomponent functional micro and nanoparticles and quantum dots. Microemulsion is a wet chemistry method. A micro-emulsion system consists of aqueous domains, called reverse micelles, dispersed in a continuous oil phase. In this article, the above mentioned methods of nanoparticle production are introduced and recent advances, research directions and challenges, and the pertinent patents are reviewed and discussed.

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Esterification reactions of alcohols with acetic, chloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, stearic, and benzoic acids were catalyzed with Ce(OTf)4 in a solvent or under solvent-free conditions with high yields. The formylation and acetylation of primary and secondary alcohols were also easily achieved in ethyl formate and ethyl acetate. A high retention of the configuration was observed in the acetylation and formylation of (−)-menthol.

Boron is traditionally used as an additive in energetic systems as a result of the high density of energy. In particular, the existence of the naturally formed boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) layer retards the reactivity by acting as a barrier if it cannot be efficiently removed. In this study, the new dicationic ionic liquid based on dicyanamide anoins was synthesized and used as a protective ligand for boron nanoparticles. The effects of newly synthesized ionic liquid are investigated by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scanning (DLS), ζ-potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that this ionic liquid binds to boron well enough and protects the boron surfaces from oxidation during air exposure.

The esterification of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids with various alcohols (1°, 2°, 3°, benzylic) was studied under microwave irradiation in the presence of zinc triflate as catalyst; the reaction times were short and the yield of reactions was good to excellent.

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