Different genera of osmotolerant yeasts from flowers, fruits, honey, and honeybees contained H. pylori in their vacuole. High frequency of H. pylori-positive yeasts in these samples might be related to their high sugar content. Insects such as honeybees that facilitate transfer and easy access of these yeasts to nectars serve as the main reservoirs of these yeasts, playing an important role in their protection and dispersal. Accordingly, H. pylori inside these yeasts can be carried by honeybees to different sugar- and nutrient-rich environments. Sugar-rich environments and honeybees play an important role in distribution of H. pylori-positive yeasts in nature.

BACKGROUND Sugar-rich foods are of the main components of daily human meals. These foods with high sugar and low water content kill bacteria. However, osmotolerant yeasts survive and multiply. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of intracellular Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and Staphylococcus spp. in yeast isolates from sugar-rich foods. METHODS Thirty-two yeast isolates from fresh fruits, dried fruits, commercial foods, and miscellaneous foods were identified by the sequencing of amplified products of 26S rDNA. Fluorescence microscopy and LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability kit were used to examine the occurrence of live bacteria inside the yeast’s vacuole. Immunofluorescence assay was used to confirm the identity of intracellular bacteria as H. pylori and Staphylococcus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of 16S rDNA of H. pylori and Staphylococcus in the total DNA of yeasts. RESULTS Yeasts were identified as members of seven genera; Candida, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Pichia, Meyerozyma, Metschnikowia, and Wickerhamomyces. Intravacuolar bacteria were stained green with a bacterial viability kit, revealing that they were alive. Immunofluorescence assay confirmed the identity of intracellular H. pylori and Staphylococcus spp. PCR results revealed that among the 32 isolated yeasts, 53% were H. pylori-positive, 6% were Staphylococcus-positive, 18.7% were positive for both, and 21.8% were negative for both. CONCLUSION Detection of H. pylori- and Staphylococcus-16S rDNA in yeast isolates from dried fruits, and commercial foods showed the occurrence of more than one kind of endosymbiotic bacterium in yeasts’ vacuoles. While the establishment of H. pylori and Staphylococcus in yeast is a sophisticated survival strategy, yeast serves as a potent bacterial reservoir.

Introduction: Nowdays, the main concern of the responsible organizations in the field of safety is identifying and eliminating the dangers that threaten people`s lives and it can cause damage. Perhaps it can be said with caution that today there are so many incidents in the industrialized countries. A common approach to safety analysis and accident prevention is  inspection. The purpose of this study is determining the impact of the implementation of the schedule of checklist resulting from official inspections in identifying hazards in an automotive industry. Methods:The library and scrolling method was used to collect data. In the theoretical sections, a questionnaire was developed using a library method and a scrolling method was used to collect data. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the information. The samples were reviewed along with numerous charts. And the data were entered into the stata software for analysis. Results: In this study, 716 items are marked with a check list, 459 (0.64%) risk befor and 579 (0.81%) the risk was detected after a checklist. There was a significant difference between the two ratios. In other words, the implementation of the checklist is effective in identifying the dangers. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that in the case study company, the checklist did not play a major role in hazard identification and was not included in the checklist. It`s better to take advantage of checklist. Based on the results of these studes, it can be concluded that checklist inspections can have a significant impact on the identification of hazards.